Description of the attitudes of female students toward human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/mhc.v5i2.3136
Attitude Cervical Cancer Female Students HPV Immunization Knowledge Practice
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a significant global health problem, with most cases caused by infection with oncogenic types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In Indonesia, HPV immunization coverage remains suboptimal. Female university students, as agents of change, are expected to play an active role in prevention through their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV immunization.
Purpose: To describe the behavior of female students toward HPV immunization, including knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Method: A quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of all active female students from the 2021–2025 cohorts, totaling 990 individuals. A sample of 102 respondents was determined using the Lem show formula and selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire (Google Form) that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted univariately to describe the frequency distribution of each variable.
Results: The results showed that most respondents had a moderate level of knowledge (38.2%), followed by low (32.4%) and good (29.4%) levels. Attitudes toward HPV immunization were overwhelmingly positive (98.0%), with only 2.0% showing negative attitudes. However, none of the respondents (0%) had received the HPV vaccine, although the majority (77.5%) expressed willingness to be vaccinated if it were available.
Conclusion: The knowledge of female students is generally moderate, and their attitudes toward HPV immunization are highly positive; however, this is not reflected in actual vaccination behavior. There is a gap between intention and practice, indicating the need for more effective interventions to improve access and promote HPV vaccination uptake.
Keywords: Attitude; Cervical Cancer; Female Students; HPV; Immunization; Knowledge; Practice.
Downloads
References
Abusamak, M., AlQato, S., Alrfooh, H.H., Altheeb, R., Bazbaz, L., Suleiman, R., Almansi, A., Karajeh, A., Alkhalaileh, A. and Al-Amer, R. (2024) 'Knowledge, attitudes, practices and barriers of medical research among undergraduate medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional survey', BMC Medical Education, 24(23), pp. 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-05002-9. Tersediadi:https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-023-05002-9 (Diakses: 10 Maret 2026).
Akhriansyah, M., Pragholapati, A., Hidayah, N., Manoppo, Y., Dewi, N.L.M.A., Illustri, I., Yoyoh, I., Kusumawaty, I. dan Terok, M. (2023). Psikologi Keperawatan. Cetakan pertama. Padang: GET PRESS INDONESIA. Tersedia di: https://www.getpress.co.id/product/psikologi keperawatan [Diakses 11 oktober 2025]. Hal 26.
Ambarwulan, P., Puspitasari, R.T., Afandi, A.N., Khairunnisa, N.Z.A., Haryanti, N.T.M., Putri, R.A., Anggraeni, A.F., Putri, A.N.I.S., Salam, I.R., Hisan, H.A., Majid, M.H. dan Sulistyarini, A. (2024). 'Pengetahuan dan sikap tentang kanker serviks dan vaksinasi HPV pada mahasiswi Kampus C Universitas Airlangga'. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas, 11(2), hlm. 128-133. Tersediadihttps://ejournal.unair.ac.id/JFK/article/download/55442/30739/356791 [Diakses 19 November 2025].
Apande, J., Asrifuddin, A. and Kaunang, W.P.J. (2021) Gambaran tingkat stres mahasiswa akhir kerukunan pelajar mahasiswa Indonesia Bolaang Mongondow Timur (KPMIBT) selama pembatasan sosial pandemi, Jurnal KESMAS, 10(5), pp. 94-99. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/kesmas/article/view/35123( diakses 28 April 2026)
Chan, D.N.S., Li, C., Law, B.M.H., Choi, K.C., Lee, P.P.K. dan So, W.K.W. (2023). 'Factors affecting HPV vaccine uptake among ethnic minority adolescent girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis'. Asia_Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100279 [Diakses 20 September 2025].
Febriani, G.A. (2020). Penggunaan Vaksin HPV dalam Upaya Perlindungan terhadap Kanker Serviks. Makassar: Penerbit Yayasan Barcode, hlm. 98. Tersediadi: http://www.yayasanbarcode.com [Diakses 20 September 2025].
Fitri, A. dan Akbar, A. (2021). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Putri tentang Infeksi dan Vaksinasi Human Papilloma Virus di Kelurahan Bulian Kota Tebing Tinggi. Jurnal Implementa Husada, 2(3), hlm. 321_332. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/JIH/article/view/11907 [Diakses 2 November 2025].
Gultom, C., Monintja, T.C.N. and Ottay, R.I. (2025) 'Gambaran status vaksinasi human papillomavirus (HPV) dan faktor penghambat pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi', Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas dan Tropik, 13(2), pp. 763-772. doi: 10.35790/jkkt.v13i2.65724.Tersediadi: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jkkt/article/view/65724 (Diakses: 10 januari 2026).
Halim, C.L., Kartarino, D. and Fadillah, Q. (2025) Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Siswi SMA Sutomo 2 Medan Terhadap Vaksinasi HPV, Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 10(10), pp. 8433-8441. doi: 10.36418/syntax literate.v10i10.19876.Tersediadi:https://jurnal.syntaxliterate.co.id/index.php/syntax-literate/article/view/19876 (Diakses: 10 januari 2026).
Imuni.(2023). Buku Vaksin Indonesia untuk Parents. Tersedia di: https://imuni.id/wpcontent/uploads/2023/09/Buku-Vaksin-Indonesia.pdf [Diakses 21 September 2025]. Hal 37.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2022). Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN): Cervical cancer factsheet 2022. Tersedia di: https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/cancers/23-cervix-uteri-fact-sheet.pdf [Diakses 13 November 2025].
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2021). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 10 Tahun 2021 tentang Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Tersedia di: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/169665/ [Diakses 2 Oktober 2025].
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2024) Apa itu Vaksin HPV? Ayo Sehat. Available at: https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/apa-itu-vaksin-hpv (Accessed: 12 Maret 2026).
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Petunjuk Teknis Pelaksanaan Bulan Imunisasi Anak Sekolah (BIAS). Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Tersedia di: https://kms.kemkes.go.id/contents/1716799954991-JuknisBIAS2022.pdf [Diakses 1 November 2025]. Hal 19 dan 23.
Lactona, I.D. dan Cahyono, E.A. (2024). Konsep Pengetahuan: Revisi Taksonomi Bloom. Enfermeria Ciencia, 2(4). Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388079473_KONSEP_PENGETAHUAN_REVISI_TAKSONOMI_BLOOM [Diakses 21 September 2025]. Hlm 241-257.
Li, W., Jin, Y., Li, X. and Jin, M. (2025) 'Human papillomavirus and vaccine knowledge, willingness, and uptake among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis', BMC Public Health, 25, 4268. Tersedia di: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25626-4 (diakses 24 feberuari 2026)
Mamahit, F.S., Mandagi, C.K.F. and Kolibu, F.K. (2025) Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Imunisasi Dasar dengan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Modoinding, Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 6(2), pp. 4629-4636.
Mulati, E., Isfan, R., Royati, O.F. and Widyaningsih, Y. (n.d.) BUKU AJAR IMUNISASI. GAVI. Tersedia di: http://digilib.upnb.ac.id/items/show/138 (Diakses: 13 Maret 2026).
Mulia, V.D., Latifa, N., Amirsyah, M. dan Suardi, H.N. (2021). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap terhadap imunisasi vaksin human papilloma virus sebagai pencegahan primer kanker serviks pada mahasiswi Fakultas Keperawatan UNSYIAH. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala, 21(3), hlm. 266-270. https://doi.org/10.24815/jks.v21i3.23857
Nelwan, J.E. (2019) Epidemiologi Kesehatan Reproduksi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Nie, R., Ma, Z., Rui, X. and Li, T. (2025) 'HPV vaccination willingness and behavior among nursing female students in China based on the protection motivation theory: A cross-sectional study', Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 21(1), 2569738. Tersedia di: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2569738 (Diakses: 13 Maret 2026).
Nurmi, Budiana, I.N.G., Surya, I.G.N.H.W., Pangkahila, E.S. (2024). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Kesediaan Melakukan Vaksinasi Human Papillomavirus pada Siswi Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 3 Kota Bima. Jurnal Medika Udayana, 13(08), hlm. 71_77. Tersedia di: http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/82432 [Diakses 2 November 2025].
Octaviana, D.R. dan Ramadhani, R.A. (2021). Hakikat Manusia: Pengetahuan (Knowledge), Ilmu Pengetahuan (Sains), Filsafat dan Agama'. Jurnal Tawadhu, 5(2). Tersedia di: https://jurnal.unugha.ac.id/index.php/twd/article/download/227/145 [Diakses 25 September 2025]. Hal 143-159.
Perkumpulan Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia (POGI) (2025) Rekomendasi POGI: Vaksinasi HPV untuk Wanita Pranikah dan Pascapersalinan, Jakarta: POGI, 24 Juni. Tersedia di: https://www.pogi.or.id/r/165/Rekomendasi-POGI-Vaksinasi-HPV-untuk-Wanita-Pranikah-dan-Pascapersalinan (Diakses: 10 Maret 2026).
Purwanto, N., Budiyanto, B. dan Suhermin, S. (2022). Theory Of Planned Behavior: Implementasi Perilaku Electronic Word of Mouth pada Konsumen Marketplace. [online]. Cetakan 1. Malang: CV. Literasi Nusantara Abadi. Tersedia di: https://repository.itebisdewantara.ac.id/4235/1/Theory%20of%20Planned%20Behavior.pdf [Diakses 11 Oktober 2025]. Hal 15.
Putri, S.L. and Harahap, F.Y., 2022. Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara Tentang Kanker Serviks. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 11(1), pp.26-31. https://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id/index.php/jka/article/view/1983 ( diakses : 20 feberuari 2026)
Rahman, A.Y. (ed.) (2020) Dedikasi Mahasiswa Di Masa Pandemi. Bandung: LP2M UIN SGD Bandung. Tersedia di: https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dedikasi_Mahasiswa_Di_Masa_Pandemi/moATEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0 (Diakses: 12 Maret 2026).
Reysa, A. and Talaksoru, D. (2022) Pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat tentang vaksinasi HPV di Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Jurnal Ilmiah Zona Psikologi, xx(xx), pp. 13-17. Tersedia di: http://ejurnal.univbatam.ac.id/index.php/zonapsikologi (diakses 24 feberuari 2026)
Sakurawati, A., Masrika, N.U.E. dan Saleh, F.M. (2025) Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Putri Tentang Infeksi dan Vaksinasi Human Papillomavirus di Kota Ternate, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 18(2), hlm. 49–52. ISSN 2085-6997; e-ISSN 2579-7883. https://journal.stikeswirahusada.ac.id/jkm/article/view/806 (diakses: 23 feberuari 2026)
Saleh, A.A. (2020). Psikologi Sosial. Parepare: IAIN Parepare Nusantara Press. Tersedia di: https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/3342/1/PSIKOLOGI%20SOSIAL.pdf [Diakses 22 September 2025]. Hal 56.
Sembiring, D.B., 2022. Effect of Counseling Method on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination. EMBRIO: Jurnal Kebidanan, 14(1), pp.105-112. doi:10.36456/embrio.v14i1.4720. https://jurnal.unipasby.ac.id/embrio/article/view/4720 (diakses 24 feberuari 2026)
Siregar, D.N. (2021). Vaksin HPV Pencegah Kanker Serviks Sedini Mungkin. Medan: UNPRI PRESS. Tersedia di: http://unprimdn.ac.id [Diakses 11 September 2025]. Hal 2-3.
Suaedi (2016). Pengantar Filsafat Ilmu. Cetakan Pertama. Bogor: PT Penerbit IPB Press. Tersedia di: https://mynida.stainidaeladabi.ac.id/asset/file_pertemuan/968f5-filsafat-ilmu-suaedi.pdf [Diakses 25 September 2025]. Hal 22.
Sulistyowati, N. and Trisnawati, Y., 2020. Pengetahuan remaja putri tentang vaksinasi HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) untuk mencegah kanker serviks di SMKN 4 Kota Tanjungpinang. Estu Utomo Health Science: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, Vol. XIV, No. 1, Januari, pp. 31–37. https://ejurnal.stikeseub.ac.id/index.php/JEU/article/view/592/444 (Diakses: 24 Februari 2026).
World Health Organization (2022) Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, December 2022, Weekly Epidemiological Record, 97(50), pp. 645–672. Tersedia di: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-wer9750-645-672 (diakses 24 feberuari 2026)
Yacouti, A., Elkhoudri, N., El got, A., Benider, A., Hadrya, F., Baddou, R., Forster, A. and Mouallif, M. (2022) Awareness, attitudes and acceptability of the HPV vaccine among female university students in Morocco, PLoS ONE, 17(4), e0266081. Tersedia di: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266081 (diakses 24 feberuari 2026).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JOURNAL OF Mental Health Concerns
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
