Hubungan kadar asam urat dengan gagal ginjal kronik
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/tmi.v3i1.1407
Asam Urat Gagal Ginjal Kronis Hiperuresemia
Abstract
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function over a certain period of time. The prevalence of CKD is relatively high and become the 12th leading cause of death worldwide. One of the factors suspected to be associated with CKD progression is elevated uric acid levels (hyperurecemia).
Purpose: To analyze the correlation between uric acid levels and the stages of CKD in patients.
Method: An observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from medical records of 49 CKD patients at Bintang Amin Hospital in 2025 and statistically analyzed by using the Pearson Chi-Square test.
Results: 38 patients (79.6%) had high uric acid levels, and 33 of them (67.35%) were in advanced stage of CKD (stage 4-5). The patients were predominantly male (53.1%) and aged 46-65 y.o (55.1%).
Correlation: A statistically significant correlation was found between uric acid levels and CKD stage, with p-value of 0.019 (p<0.05) and an odds ratio (OR) of 2.7 (95% CI; 1.31-5.65).
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Hyperurecemia; Uric Acid.
Pendahuluan: Gagal ginjal kronis (GGK) merupakan kondisi menurunnya fungsi ginjal secara progresif selama kurun waktu tertentu. Prevalensi penyakit GGK ini cukup tinggi dan menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak ke-12 di seluruh dunia. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berkaitan erat dengan progresivitas GGK ialah kadar asam urat yang tinggi (hiperuresemia).
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis adanya hubungan kadar asam urat dengan gagal ginjal kronis pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis.
Metode: Desain observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis 49 pasien GGK di RS Bintang Amin Tahun 2025 dan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Pearson Chi-Square.
Hasil: Pasien didominasi oleh laki-laki sebanyak 26 orang (53.1%) dan pasien dengan kelompok usia 45-65 tahun sebanyak 27 orang (55.1%). Selain itu, sebanyak 38 pasien (79.6%) memiliki kadar asam urat tinggi dan 33 orang (67,35%) dari jumlah tersebut berada pada stadium berat GGK (stadium 4-5).
Simpulan: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar asam urat dengan stadium GGK, dengan nilai p=0,019 (p<0,05) dan nilai odds ratio (OR) sebesar 2,7 (CI 95%; 1,31-5,65).
Kata Kunci: Asam Urat; Gagal Ginjal Kronis; Hiperuresemia.
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