Tinjauan literatur tentang miopia sebagai faktor risiko komplikasi retina
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/quilt.v6i8.3994
Glaucoma Myopia Myopic Maculopathy Retinal Complications Retinal Detachment
Abstract
Background: Myopia, particularly high myopia and pathologic myopia, is a progressive ocular condition that extends beyond a simple refractive error and is closely associated with various vision-threatening complications. Increased axial length plays a critical role in degenerative changes of the retina and other ocular structures, and may also increase the risk of postoperative complications, including intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes.
Purpose: To review and analyze the association between myopia, particularly high and pathologic myopia, and retinal complications. In addition, this review aimed to identify factors associated with the progression of myopia and the development of vision-threatening complications, including myopic maculopathy, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and increased intraocular pressure.
Method: This study employed a literature review method by analyzing 22 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2026 from reputable databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on their relevance to myopia and retinal complications.
Results: The review demonstrated that high myopia is associated with an increased risk of various complications, including myopic maculopathy (atrophic, tractional, and neovascular), peripheral retinal abnormalities such as lattice degeneration, retinal tears, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, as well as open-angle glaucoma. Most studies showed a dose–response relationship, in which increasing myopia severity and axial length were correlated with a higher risk of retinal structural damage and visual impairment. In addition, factors such as older age, posterior staphyloma, optic disc changes, and elevated intraocular pressure, including the occurrence of postoperative IOP spikes, contribute to worsening clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: Myopia, particularly high and pathologic myopia, is a progressive ocular condition that serves as a major risk factor for retinal complications and severe visual impairment. Therefore, early detection, regular monitoring, and strategies to prevent myopia progression are essential to reduce the risk of complications and permanent vision loss..
Keywords: Glaucoma; Myopia; Myopic Maculopathy; Retinal Complications; Retinal Detachment.
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