Analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKI) terhadap kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada pedagang kaki lima
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/quilt.v6i6.3235
ARKL ARI (ISPA) PM2.5 Risk Quotient Street Vendors
Abstract
Background: Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains a major health burden in Jambi City with a prevalence of 12.4% in 2024. Street vendors (PKL) operating near busy intersections are at high risk of exposure to vehicle emission pollutants, particularly PM2.5. Simpang Tugu Juang Sipin, Jambi City is a high-traffic intersection with dense PKL activity, yet no study has specifically assessed PM2.5 concentrations and its health risks at this location.
Purpose: This study aimed to conduct an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) of PM2.5 exposure and analyze its association with Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) among PKL.
Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 47 PKL (total sampling). PM2.5 concentration was measured using a High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) for 24 hours. Risk quotient (RQ) was calculated for both realtime and lifetime exposures. Bivariate analysis used Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact Test to examine associations between PM2.5 intake, age, sex, smoking behavior, mask use, physical activity, and ARI occurrence.
Results: PM2.5 concentration was 50.36 µg/Nm³, below the 24-hour national standard (55 µg/Nm³). Mean realtime RQ was 0.417 (safe) and mean lifetime RQ > 1 after 30 years of exposure. ARI prevalence was 53.2%. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant association between PM2.5 intake, age, sex, smoking, mask use, or physical activity with ARI (all p-values >0.05).
Conclusion: PM2.5 levels at Simpang Tugu Juang Sipin are near the threshold and pose a cumulative health risk with prolonged exposure.
Keywords: ARKL; ARI (ISPA), PM2.5; Risk Quotient; Street Vendors.
Downloads
References
Abidin, A. U., Munawaroh, A. L., Rosinta, A., Sulistiyani, A. T., Ardianta, I., & Iresha, F. M. (2025). Environmental health risks and impacts of PM2.5 exposure on human health in residential areas, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Toxicology Reports, 14, 101949.
Adilasari, P. L., Setiani, O., & Raharjo, M. (2025). Association between PM2.5 and PM10 with Acute Respiratory Infection in North and East Jakarta. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 699–706.
Agustan, J., Lukitowati hariani, P., & Novrikasari. (2024). Hubungan PM2,5 Dan PM10 Dalam Udara Ambien Terhadap Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (Studi Kasus Desa Tanjung Jambu Kecamatan Merapi Timur Kabupaten Lahat). Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL), 6(2), 1–8.
Azzuhdi, F. A., Lesmana, O., Putra, A. N., Sitanggang, H. D., & Rahmat, A. A. (2025). Hubungan Intake CO dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Pedagang Kaki Lima di Kota Jambi. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas, 14(4), 450–457.
Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika. (2025). Konsentrasi Partikulat (PM2.5) Kota Jambi. BMKG. Diakses dari: https://www.bmkg.go.id/kualitas-udara/pm25/pm25_jm3
Badan Pusat Statistika Provinsi Jambi. (2025). Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Jenis Kendaraan di Provinsi Jambi (unit), 2024. Badan Pusat Statistika Provinsi Jambi. Diakses dari: https://jambi.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/VjJ3NGRGa3dkRk5MTlU1bVNFOTVVbmQyVURSTVFUMDkjMw==/jumlah-kendaraan-bermotor-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-jenis-kendaraan-di-provinsi-jambi--unit---2022.html?year=2024
Chen, C. R., Lai, H. C., Liao, M. I., Hsiao, M. C., & Ma, H. wen. (2021). Health risk assessment of trace elements of ambient PM2.5 under monsoon patterns. Chemosphere, 264, 128462.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi Tahun 2022. In Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi. Diakses dari: https://dinkes.jambiprov.go.id
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi 2023. Diakses dari: https://dinkes.jambiprov.go.id/file/informasi_publik/UFJPRklMIEtFU0VIQVRBTiBQUk9WSU5TSSBKQU1CSSBUQUhVTiAyMDIzLnBkZgMTc1MDgxNjc2NQ_Wkt1750816765_XtLnBkZg.pdf
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi. (2025). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi 2024.
Dofendra, T. (2023). Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) Paparan Gas Karbon Monoksida (CO) Pada Pekerja Sol Sepatu di Simpang Tugu Juang Sipin Kota Jambi Tahun 2022. Universitas Jambi.
Jiang, C., Chen, Q., & Xie, M. (2020). Smoking increases the risk of infectious diseases: A narrative review. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 18, 1–17.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 Dalam Angka. In Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan.
Krismanuel, H., & Tjhin, P. (2025). The association between PM2.5 level and respiratory tract infections among children: A cross-sectional study. AIMS Public Health, 12(4), 1084–1114. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2025055
Pope, C. A., & Dockery, D. W. (2006). Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 56(6), 709–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485
Puspita, A. G., Puspikawati, S. I., & Dwiyanti, E. (2022). Hubugan antara Usia dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders pada Pekerja Home Industri Pembuatan Kerupuk di UD. X Banyuwangi. PREVENTIF: JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT, 13, 393–400.
Rahmadani, M. A., & Mahmud, N. U. (2024). Hubungan Kualitas Udara Dan Kelembaban Udara Dengan Iritasi Mata Pada Pekerja Laki-Laki Di Proyek Rs Upt Vertikal Makassar Peminatan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Ker. Window of Public Health Journal, 5(6), 967–973.
Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). The health belief model and preventive health behavior. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 354–386.
Safitri, B. P., & Lusno, F. M. D. (2025). Literature Review : Dampak Paparan Pm2 . 5 Terhadap Gangguan Pernapasan Pekerja Yang Berisiko Tinggi. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 6(2), 6371–6382.
Sembiring, E. T. J. (2020). Risiko Kesehatan Pajanan Pm2,5 Di Udara Ambien Pada Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Bawah Flyover Pasar Pagi AsemkA. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 26, 101–120.
US Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Supplement to the 2019 Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter ( External Review Draft ).
Wahyuliati, T., & Ardiyanto, R. (2024). Profil Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Pada Nyeri Kepala Primer. Journal of Applied Research, 10(3), 343–352.
World Health Organization. (2024). The top 10 causes of death. World Health Organization (WHO). diakses dari: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
Yusup, M., Ito, Y. R., & Uzma, W. (2025). Kerja Dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders ( Msds ) Pada Karyawan Universitas X. Environmental Occupational Health and Safety, 5(2), 16–26.
Zain, L., Prabang, S., & Siti, R. (2024). Risiko Cemaran Particulate Matter 2 . 5 pada Pedagang Kaki Lima di Jalan R.A Kartini, Kota Tegal. Jurnal Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja Dan Lingkungan (JK3L), 05(2).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Inggrit Vanesa, Hendra Dhermawan Sitanggang, Helmi Suryani Nasution, Oka Lesmana S.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
