Penerapan teknik perawatan luka modern pada pasien kanker rektum: Case report
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/quilt.v6i5.3018
Kanker Rektum Integritas Kulit Integritas Jaringan Kolostomi Perawatan Luka Risiko Infeksi
Abstract
Background: The primary treatment for advanced rectal cancer is generally surgical, such as the Miles procedure, which involves creating a colostomy. However, this surgery can lead to postoperative complications, such as impaired skin and tissue integrity and the risk of infection in the surgical wound and stoma area. Therefore, proper wound care is essential to prevent complications and accelerate wound healing.
Purpose: To describe the implementation of nursing care for postoperative rectal cancer patients with impaired skin integrity and the risk of infection through aseptic wound care.
Method: A case study was conducted on Mr. W, a 52-year-old patient diagnosed with stage III distal 1/3 rectal cancer who underwent a Miles procedure with a colostomy at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Data were collected through assessment, establishing a nursing diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluating nursing interventions.
Results: The assessment revealed redness and mild bleeding in the stoma area and the abdominal surgical wound. The nursing diagnoses established were impaired skin and tissue integrity and the risk of infection. Nursing interventions included wound care using 0.9% NaCl solution, sterile dressing changes, and education on stoma care. Evaluation results showed a cleaner wound appearance, reduced exudate, and no signs of infection.
Conclusion: Implementing aseptic wound care can help accelerate wound healing and prevent infectious complications in post-operative rectal cancer patients.
Keywords: Colostomy; Rectal Cancer; Risk Of Infection; Skin Integrity; Tissue Integrity; Wound Care.
Pendahuluan: Penatalaksanaan utama pada kanker rektum stadium lanjut umumnya dilakukan melalui tindakan pembedahan seperti prosedur Miles dengan pembuatan kolostomi. Namun, tindakan pembedahan tersebut dapat menimbulkan komplikasi pasca operasi, seperti gangguan integritas kulit dan jaringan serta risiko infeksi pada area luka operasi maupun stoma. Sehingga, perawatan luka yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah komplikasi dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka.
Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan penerapan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien kanker rektum pasca operasi dengan masalah gangguan integritas kulit dan risiko infeksi melalui tindakan perawatan luka secara aseptik.
Metode: Studi kasus dilakukan pada pasien Tn. W usia 52 tahun dengan diagnosis Ca recti 1/3 distal stadium III yang menjalani prosedur Miles dengan kolostomi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengkajian, penetapan diagnosis keperawatan, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi tindakan keperawatan.
Hasil: Pengkajian menunjukkan adanya kemerahan dan perdarahan ringan pada area stoma serta luka bekas operasi pada abdomen. Diagnosis keperawatan yang ditegakkan yaitu gangguan integritas kulit dan jaringan serta risiko infeksi. Intervensi keperawatan dilakukan melalui perawatan luka menggunakan larutan NaCl 0,9%, penggantian balutan secara steril, serta edukasi mengenai perawatan stoma. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan kondisi luka tampak lebih bersih, eksudat berkurang, dan tidak ditemukan tanda infeksi.
Simpulan: Penerapan perawatan luka secara aseptik dapat membantu mempercepat penyembuhan luka dan mencegah komplikasi infeksi pada pasien kanker rektum pasca operasi.
Kata Kunci: Kanker Rektum; Integritas Kulit, Integritas Jaringan; Kolostomi; Perawatan Luka; Risiko Infeksi.
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