Gambaran pasien ileus obstruktif di rumah sakit

Abstract

Background: Obstructive ileus is a digestive surgical emergency caused by mechanical obstruction of the intestinal lumen, resulting in the accumulation of intestinal contents in the proximal portion. This condition accounts for approximately 20% of cases of non-appendicitis acute abdominal pain and has a high incidence worldwide.

Purpose: To describe the characteristics of patients with obstructive ileus based on age, sex, and clinical symptoms.

Method: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with obstructive ileus treated between March 2023 and May 2025. A total of 52 patients were enrolled using a total sampling method. Data were analyzed univariately and presented as frequency distributions and percentages.

Results: Based on gender, the majority of respondents were female (27 respondents (52%), aged 18–65 years (59.61%). The most common clinical symptoms were fecal retention (83%), abdominal pain (81%), abdominal distension (63%), vomiting (37%), nausea (35%), and flatus retention (33%).

Conclusion: Obstructive ileus most commonly occurs in people of productive age to old age, with a balanced gender distribution. The dominant clinical symptoms are fecal retention and abdominal pain. These results indicate that obstructive ileus is a major cause of acute abdominal pain, with a characteristic symptom pattern that is important for early diagnosis and appropriate management.

Keywords: Age; Clinical Symptoms; Gender; Obstructive Ileus.

Pendahuluan: Ileus obstruktif merupakan kegawatdaruratan di bidang bedah digestif yang disebabkan oleh hambatan mekanis pada lumen usus, sehingga terjadi akumulasi isi usus di bagian proksimal. Kondisi ini mencakup sekitar 20% dari kasus nyeri abdomen akut non-apendisitis dan memiliki angka kejadian yang tinggi di dunia.

Tujuan: Untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik pasien ileus obstruktif berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan gejala klinis.

Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik pasien ileus obstruktif yang dirawat antara Maret 2023 hingga Mei 2025. Sebanyak 52 pasien diikutsertakan dengan metode total sampling. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase.

Hasil: Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, mayoritas responden adalah perempuan sebanyak 27 responden (52%) dan berumur 18–65 tahun (59,61%). Gejala klinis yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah retensi tinja (83%), nyeri perut (81%), distensi abdomen (63%), muntah (37%), mual (35%), dan retensi flatus (33%).

Simpulan: Ileus obstruktif paling banyak terjadi pada usia produktif hingga usia lanjut dengan distribusi jenis kelamin yang seimbang. Gejala klinis dominan berupa retensi tinja dan nyeri perut. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ileus obstruktif merupakan penyebab utama nyeri abdomen akut dengan pola gejala khas yang penting untuk diagnosis dini dan tata laksana yang tepat.

Kata Kunci: Gejala Klinis; Ileus Obstruktif; Jenis Kelamin; Usia.