Gambaran faktor resiko preeklampsia dan eklampsia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia: Literature review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/quilt.v6i2.2142
Eklampsia Faktor Risiko Ibu Hamil Indonesia Preeklampsia
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia remain serious maternal health problems in Indonesia, contributing significantly to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Several studies in Indonesia have examined the factors contributing to the development of preeclampsia and eclampsia, but the results are scattered and varied, necessitating a systematic summary.
Purpose: To describe the risk factors for preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant women in Indonesia based on studies published in the past five years.
Method: A literature review was conducted by searching for research articles from relevant national and international journals. Selected articles were published between 2020 and 2025 and discussed risk factors for preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant women in Indonesia. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed narratively to identify the most frequently reported risk factor patterns.
Results: The risk factors most commonly associated with the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia include maternal age at risk, primigravida, a history of chronic hypertension, a history of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy, obesity, diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes, too close a spacing of pregnancies, and anemia.
Conclusion: Preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant women in Indonesia are influenced by various interrelated factors, including maternal characteristics, pregnancy history, and comorbid health conditions.
Keywords: Preeclampsia; eclampsia; Risk Factors; Pregnant Women; Indonesian.
Pendahuluan: Preeklampsia dan eklampsia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan ibu yang serius di Indonesia karena berkontribusi besar terhadap angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu serta bayi. Berbagai penelitian di Indonesia telah mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam terjadinya preeklampsia dan eklampsia, namun hasilnya tersebar dan bervariasi sehingga perlu dirangkum secara sistematis.
Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan faktor risiko preeklampsia dan eklampsia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia berdasarkan penelitian yang dipublikasikan dalam lima tahun terakhir.
Metode: Penelitian literature review dengan menelusuri artikel penelitian dari jurnal nasional dan internasional yang relevan. Artikel yang dipilih merupakan penelitian yang diterbitkan pada periode 2020–2025 dan membahas faktor risiko preeklampsia maupun eklampsia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara naratif untuk mengidentifikasi pola faktor risiko yang paling sering dilaporkan.
Hasil: Faktor risiko yang paling banyak dikaitkan dengan kejadian preeklampsia dan eklampsia meliputi usia ibu berisiko, primigravida, riwayat hipertensi kronik, riwayat preeklampsia pada kehamilan sebelumnya, obesitas, diabetes mellitus atau diabetes gestasional, jarak kehamilan yang terlalu dekat, serta anemia.
Simpulan: Preeklampsia dan eklampsia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan, baik dari aspek karakteristik ibu, riwayat kehamilan, maupun kondisi kesehatan penyerta.
Kata Kunci Eklampsia; Faktor Risiko; Ibu Hamil; Indonesia; Preeklampsia.
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