Kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus dengan tuberkulosis: Literatur review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/quilt.v5i7.1936
Diabetes Melitus Kualitas Hidup Tuberkulosis
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with a steadily increasing prevalence globally. DM is often associated with a decreased quality of life, especially if comorbidities such as tuberculosis (TB) occur. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetes can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of TB infection.
Purpose: To evaluate the quality of life of DM patients with TB based on physical, psychological, and social domains through a narrative review approach.
Method: Articles used in this study were identified through the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCHO databases. The literature search used the keywords "Diabetes Mellitus," "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus," "Tuberculosis," and "Quality of Life." A total of 367 articles were found, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria and eligibility criteria using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Data analysis was conducted thematically based on quality of life domains.
Results: Patients with DM with TB (DM-TB) have a poorer quality of life, with significant declines in the physical domain due to poor diabetes management. Depression is a major factor in the decline in psychological quality of life. While social aspects tend not to be directly affected but can be influenced by socioeconomic status.
Conclusion: A holistic and multidisciplinary approach in the management of DM-TB patients is crucial for improving their quality of life.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Quality of Life; Tuberculosis.
Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis dengan angka prevalensinya terus meningkat secara global. DM seringkali dikaitkan dengan penurunan kualitas hidup, terutama jika terjadi komorbiditas seperti tuberkulosis (TB). Hiperglikemia yang tidak terkontrol pada penderita diabetes dapat menekan imunitas tubuh, sehingga meningkatkan resiko infeksi TB.
Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi kualitas hidup pasien DM dengan TB berdasarkan domain fisik, psikologis, dan sosial melalui pendekatan narrative review.
Metode: Artikel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diidentifikasi melalui database PubMed, Scopus, dan EBSCHO. Pencarian literatur menggunakan kata kunci “Diabetes Mellitus”, “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”, “Tuberculosis”, dan “Quality of Life”. Sebanyak 367 artikel yang ditemukan, 7 artikel diantaranya memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan memenuhi kriteria eligibility menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik berdasarkan domain kualitas hidup.
Hasil: Pasien DM dengan TB (DM-TB) memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih buruk dengan penurunan yang signifikan pada domain fisik yang diakibatkan pengelolaan diabetes yang buruk serta depresi yang menjadi faktor utama dalam penurunan kualitas hidup pada domain psikologis, sementara aspek sosial cenderung tidak terpengaruh secara langsung tetapi dapat dipengaruhi oleh status sosial sosial.
Simpulan: Pentingnya pendekatan holistik dan multidisipliner dalam pengelolaan pasien DM-TB untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus; Kualitas Hidup; Tuberkulosis.
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