Pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis smart emergency village untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan gawat darurat dan bencana
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/phc.v6i6.4312
Kegawatdaruratan Kesiapsiagaan bencana Pemberdayaan masyarakat Smart emergency village
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and disasters represent two public health threats requiring a rapid community response prior to the arrival of professional medical aid; however, rural communities often lack the knowledge to recognize the associated emergency signs.
Purpose: To provide health education based on the "Smart Emergency Village" model, aiming to enhance community knowledge regarding medical emergencies caused by NCDs and disaster preparedness.
Method: The Smart Emergency Village community service program was conducted in Sagaracipta Village, Ciparay District, Bandung Regency, between March and August 2026. The initiative aimed to provide education on NCD-related medical emergencies and guided training on disaster preparedness for health volunteers and the general public, involving 27 participants. The program utilized a community empowerment approach and a one-group pretest-posttest evaluation design. Participant knowledge levels were assessed using a structured nine-item questionnaire administered before the health education (pretest) and after the completion of the educational sessions (posttest). The results were analyzed descriptively to evaluate the success of the education and training activities. Furthermore, the analysis findings served as a basis for selecting and establishing a village-level "emergency first responder" cadre group responsible for monitoring and implementing NCD-related medical emergency and disaster preparedness concepts within the village.
Results: The findings indicate that prior to the educational activity, participants' knowledge levels were categorized as good for 2 participants (7.4%), fair for 10 (37.0%), and poor for 15 (55.6%); following the activity, there was a proportional improvement, with 22 participants (81.5%) demonstrating good knowledge and 5 (18.5%) demonstrating fair knowledge. The mean knowledge score rose from 4.67 points at the pre-test to 6.70 points at the post-test, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test yielded a p-value of <0.001.
Conclusion: The Smart Emergency Village program demonstrates that community empowerment—through education on non-communicable disease emergencies and disaster preparedness—significantly enhances community knowledge (p<0.001). In addition to raising the average knowledge score, the program also fostered a more uniform level of understanding among participants. These results indicate improved community capacity to recognize and respond to both medical emergencies and disasters.
Suggestion: Program sustainability requires a commitment from village authorities and community health centers (Puskesmas) to integrate the training and mentoring of emergency first responder volunteers into routine programming, as well as to conduct periodic simulations and refresher training. Universities are encouraged to further develop this model as a sustainable community service program that can be replicated in other regions.
Keywords: Community empowerment; Disaster preparedness; Emergencies; Smart emergency village
Pendahuluan: Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) dan kejadian bencana merupakan dua ancaman kesehatan masyarakat yang memerlukan respons cepat dari komunitas sebelum bantuan medis profesional tiba, namun masyarakat pedesaan umumnya memiliki keterbatasan pengetahuan dalam mengenali tanda kegawatdaruratan tersebut.
Tujuan: Memberikan edukasi kesehatan berbasis smart emergency village sebagai upaya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai kegawatdaruratan medis akibat PTM dan kesiapsiagaan bencana.
Metode: Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat smart emergency village dilaksanakan di Desa Sagaracipta, Kecamatan Ciparay, Kabupaten Bandung, dalam periode Maret hingga Agustus 2026. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah memberikan edukasi kegawatdaruratan medis akibat penyakit tidak menular dan pelatihan dengan pendampingan mengenai kesiapsiagaan bencana pada kader kesehatan dan masyarakat umum. Sebanyak 27 orang untuk menjadi partisipan. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dirancang dengan pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat (community empowerment) menggunakan desain evaluasi one-group pretest and posttest. Pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan peserta dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur berupa sembilan item pertanyaan yang diberikan kepada seluruh partisipan sebelum pelaksanaan edukasi kesehatan (pretest) dan setelah rangkaian edukasi selesai (posttest). Hasil evaluasi ini di analisa secara deskriptif untuk menilai keberhasilan kegiatan edukasi kegawatdaruratan medis akibat penyakit tidak menular dan pelatihan dengan pendampingan mengenai kesiapsiagaan bencana. Sedangkan hasil analisa digunakan sebagai rujukan dalam pemilihan dan pembetukan kader emergency first responder Desa sebagai kelompok kader yang melakukan monitoring dan penerapan konsep kegawatdaruratan medis akibat penyakit tidak menular dan kesiapsiagaan bencana di tingkat Desa.
Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan partisipan sebelum kegiatan edukasi adalah sebanyak 2 partisipan (7.4%) baik, sebanyak 10 partisipan (37.0%) cukup, dan sebanyak 15 partisipan (55.6%) kurang, sedangkan setelah kegiatan edukasi mengalami peningkatan secara proporsional menjadi sebanyak 22 partisipan (81.5%) baik dan sebanyak 5 partisipan (18.5%) cukup. Sedangkan rata-rata skor pengetahuan partisipan mengalami peningkatan dari 4.67 poin pada saat pretest menjadi 6.70 poin pada posttest, dan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank mendapatkan p-value<0.001.
Simpulan: Program Smart emergency village membuktikan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui edukasi kegawatdaruratan penyakit tidak menular dan kesiapsiagaan bencana secara signifikan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat (p<0.001). Selain meningkatkan rata-rata skor pengetahuan, program ini juga meratakan pemahaman peserta. Hasil ini menunjukkan kapasitas komunitas yang lebih baik dalam mengenali dan merespons kondisi darurat medis maupun bencana.
Saran: Keberlanjutan program membutuhkan komitmen pemerintah desa dan puskesmas untuk mengintegrasikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kader emergency first responder ke dalam program rutin, serta melaksanakan simulasi dan pelatihan penyegaran secara berkala. Universitas diharapkan mengembangkan model ini sebagai program pengabdian berkelanjutan yang dapat direplikasi di wilayah lain.
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