Pemeriksaan ankle brachial index (ABI) sebagai upaya deteksi dini gangguan sirkulasi perifer pada pengunjung Apotek K-24 A.R. Hakim Makassar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/phc.v6i6.4100
Ankle brachial index Deteksi dini Gangguan sirkulasi perifer Kesehatan vaskular
Abstract
Background: Peripheral circulation disorders are vascular issues that often go undetected in the early stages because symptoms can be nonspecific. The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) examination is a simple, objective, and non-invasive method for detecting peripheral arterial blood flow impairment. Pharmacies, being healthcare facilities that are easily accessible to the public, have the potential to serve as sites for community-based health screening.
Purpose: To conduct early detection of peripheral circulation disorders via ABI screening and provide education to improve public understanding of risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease.
Method: The activity employed a community screening approach targeting visitors to the K-24 A.R. Hakim Pharmacy in Makassar on Saturday, June 13, 2026. The initiative aimed to provide health services specifically ABI screening as a preventive measure along with follow-up consultations. Eighteen pharmacy visitors participated as respondents. Program evaluation was based on the number of participants screened, the completeness of screening data, the distribution of ABI results, participant response to the educational component, and the number of participants receiving recommendations for follow-up care.
Results: A total of 18 participants underwent ABI screening, with a mean age of 57.89 ± 10.36 years. The majority of participants were female (66.7%). Screening results showed that 14 participants (77.8%) had normal ABI values, while 4 participants (22.2%) fell into the borderline category. No participants were found to have abnormal ABI values or results in the non-compressible category. This activity also improved participants' understanding of the importance of controlling cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion: Community-based ABI screening conducted at pharmacies can serve as a practical approach to support the early detection of peripheral circulation disorders and raise public awareness regarding vascular health.
Suggestion: The implementation of ABI screening should be expanded on a sustainable basis to reach a broader target population, particularly high-risk groups such as individuals with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smokers, and the elderly.
Keywords: Ankle-brachial index; Early detection; Peripheral circulation disorders; Vascular health
Pendahuluan: Gangguan sirkulasi perifer merupakan salah satu permasalahan vaskular yang sering tidak teridentifikasi pada tahap awal karena gejalanya dapat muncul secara tidak spesifik. Pemeriksaan ankle brachial index (ABI) merupakan metode noninvasif yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi adanya gangguan aliran darah arteri perifer secara sederhana dan objektif. Apotek sebagai fasilitas kesehatan yang mudah dijangkau masyarakat memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai lokasi skrining kesehatan berbasis komunitas.
Tujuan: Untuk melakukan deteksi dini gangguan sirkulasi perifer melalui pemeriksaan ABI dan memberikan edukasi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai faktor risiko penyakit vaskular perifer.
Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan skrining komunitas pada pengunjung Apotek K-24 A.R. Hakim Makassar pada hari sabtu 13 juni 2026. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pelayanan kesehatan berupa pemeriksaan ankle brachial index (ABI) sebagai upaya preventif dan konsultasi tindak lanjutnya. Melibatkan 18 pengunjung apotek untuk menjadi responden. Evaluasi program dilakukan melalui penilaian jumlah peserta yang diperiksa, kelengkapan data pemeriksaan, distribusi hasil ABI, respons peserta terhadap edukasi, serta jumlah peserta yang mendapatkan rekomendasi tindak lanjut.
Hasil: Sebanyak 18 peserta mengikuti pemeriksaan ABI dengan rata-rata usia 57.89 ± 10.36 tahun. Mayoritas peserta berjenis kelamin perempuan (66.7%). Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan 14 peserta (77.8%) memiliki nilai ABI normal, sedangkan 4 peserta (22.2%) berada pada kategori borderline. Tidak ditemukan peserta dengan ABI abnormal maupun kategori noncompressible. Kegiatan ini juga meningkatkan pemahaman peserta mengenai pentingnya pengendalian faktor risiko kardiovaskular.
Simpulan: Pemeriksaan ABI berbasis komunitas melalui fasilitas apotek dapat menjadi pendekatan yang aplikatif untuk mendukung deteksi dini gangguan sirkulasi perifer dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kesehatan vaskular.
Saran: Pelaksanaan skrining ABI perlu dikembangkan secara berkelanjutan dengan sasaran yang lebih luas, terutama pada kelompok berisiko tinggi seperti penderita hipertensi, diabetes melitus, perokok, dan usia lanjut.
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