Edukasi pencegahan hipertensi dan management stress melalui latihan relaksasi otot progresif pada lansia di Panti Jompo
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/phc.v6i5.3973
Hipertensi Lansia Manajemen stress Panti jompo Relaksasi otot progresif
Abstract
Background: Population aging has become one of the most significant global demographic transitions, accompanied by rising multimorbidity and an increased demand for preventive healthcare. The proportion of individuals aged 60 and older is rising rapidly, resulting in a greater burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Hypertension is among the most common chronic conditions affecting older adults and remains a key preventable risk factor. The growing number of older adults necessitates comprehensive health promotion strategies that focus on early detection and preventive intervention services.
Purpose: To provide knowledge regarding hypertension and guidance on stress management through progressive muscle relaxation for elderly residents of a nursing home.
Method: The activity was conducted on May 22, 2026, at the Sasana Tresna Werdha Dukuh 5 Nursing Home in East Jakarta. This community service program employed a community-based health promotion approach utilizing a preventive intervention model. Participants included 35 elderly residents, alongside nursing faculty and students from Binawan University. Evaluation was based on observation and descriptive analysis, assessing the participants' knowledge levels regarding hypertension and their ability to independently manage stress using progressive muscle relaxation.
Results: The results showed that the largest proportion of participants (40.0%) fell into the Obesity Class I category based on Body Mass Index (BMI); 80.0% were not taking antihypertensive medication; and the majority (34.3%) had blood pressure readings classified as Stage 2 hypertension. Health screening data indicated a mean systolic blood pressure of 131.5 ± 22.8 mmHg (range: 94–187 mmHg) and a mean diastolic blood pressure of 75.8 ± 12.7 mmHg (range: 56–102 mmHg).
Conclusion: This community service program demonstrates that integrating health screenings with hypertension education and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training is a feasible and practical strategy for enhancing hypertension prevention among elderly residents of nursing homes. Combining PMR with education motivates participants through simple, safe, and low-cost behavioral techniques that can be practiced independently to support psychological well-being and cardiovascular health.
Suggestion: Future community service programs are encouraged to incorporate regular blood pressure monitoring, structured follow-up education, and consistent progressive muscle relaxation practice as part of routine health promotion activities in nursing homes.
Keywords: Elderly; Hypertension; Progressive muscle relaxation; Stress management
Pendahuluan: Penuaan populasi telah menjadi salah satu transisi demografis paling signifikan di seluruh dunia, disertai dengan peningkatan multimorbiditas dan peningkatan permintaan akan kesehatan preventif. Proporsi individu berusia 60 tahun ke atas terus meningkat pesat, mengakibatkan beban penyakit kronis tidak menular yang lebih besar. Hipertensi termasuk di antara penyakit kronis yang paling umum menyerang orang dewasa yang lebih tua dan tetap menjadi salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat dicegah. Meningkatnya jumlah orang dewasa yang lebih tua membutuhkan strategi promosi kesehatan komprehensif yang berfokus deteksi dini dan layanan intervensi pencegahan.
Tujuan: Untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang hipertensi dan pendampingan dalam pengelolaan stress melalui relaksasi otot progresif pada lansia yang tinggal di panti jompo.
Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2026 di Sasana Tresna Werdha Panti Jompo Dukuh 5, Jakarta Timur. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan pendekatan promosi kesehatan berbasis komunitas dengan model intervensi pencegahan. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 35 lansia untuk menjadi partisipan dan dosen serta mahasiswa keperawatan dari Universitas Binawan. Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan observasi dan disampaikan secara deskriptif dalam menggambarkan hasil pencapaian tingkat pengetahuan partisipan tentang hipertensi dan kemampuan dalam melakukan manajemen stress melalui relaksasi otot progresif secara mandiri.
Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar partisipan memiliki indeks massa tubuh dalam kategori obesitas-I yaitu sebesar 40.0%, sebagian besar partisipan tidak menggunakan obat antihipertensi yaitu sebesar 80.0%, dan mayoritas tekanan darah partisipan termasuk dalam kategori hipertensi tahap-2 yaitu sebesar 34.3%. Sedangkan hasil data pemeriksaan kesehatan partisipan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik adalah 131.5±22.8 mmHg dalam rentang 94-187 mmHg dan rata-rata tekanan darah diastolik adalah 75.8±12.7 mmHg dalam rentang 56-102 mmHg.
Simpulan: Program pelayanan masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa mengintegrasikan pemeriksaan kesehatan dengan edukasi hipertensi dan pelatihan relaksasi otot progresif (PMR) merupakan strategi yang layak dan praktis untuk meningkatkan pencegahan hipertensi di kalangan lansia yang tinggal di panti jompo. Penggabungan PMR dengan edukasi memberikan motivasi kepada peserta melalui teknik perilaku yang sederhana, aman, dan berbiaya rendah yang dapat dipraktikkan secara mandiri untuk mendukung kesejahteraan psikologis dan kesehatan kardiovaskular.
Saran: Program pelayanan masyarakat di masa mendatang didorong untuk memasukkan pemantauan tekanan darah secara berkala, pendidikan tindak lanjut terstruktur, dan praktik relaksasi otot progresif secara teratur sebagai bagian dari kegiatan promosi kesehatan rutin di panti jompo.
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