Hubungan determinan sosial kesehatan terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan pada penderita tuberkulosis paru
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/nmi.v3i4.4551
Access To Healthcare Services Adherence Directly Observed Treatment Social Support Pengawasan Menelan Obat Obat Tuberkulosis Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan Kepatuhan Dukungan Sosial
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease characterized by a chronic course and the potential for recurrent episodes. Poor adherence to anti-tuberculosis medication can increase the risk of drug resistance and worsen patients’ health conditions.
Purpose: To analyze the determinants of medication adherence among patients with tuberculosis (TB) at Ingin Jaya Community Health Center.
Methods: A cross-sectional design involving 34 respondents selected using total sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test with SPSS version 25.
Results: The univariate results showed that 91.2% of respondents were adherent to their medication regimen, 91.2% received social support, 82.4% received directly observed treatment, 70.6% had easy access to healthcare facilities, and 91.2% experienced positive community attitudes toward TB. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that social support (p = 0.000), directly observed treatment (DOT) (p = 0.000; OR = 0.500), and access to healthcare facilities (p = 0.005; OR = 0.700) were significantly associated with adherence to pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Meanwhile, community stigma (p = 0.117; OR = 7.25) was not significantly associated with treatment adherence. Conclusion: These findings indicate that social support, directly observed treatment (DOT), access to healthcare facilities, and community stigma are important factors in improving treatment adherence. Active involvement of families, healthcare workers, and the community, provision of easily accessible healthcare services, and continuous educational efforts are necessary to improve treatment adherence.
Keywords: Access To Healthcare Services; Adherence; Directly Observed Treatment; Social Support; Tuberculosis Medication.
Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis Paru merupakan Tuberkulosis bersifat sebagai penyakit infeksius yang bersifat kronik dan dapat kembali muncul secara berulang. Rendahnya kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi obat anti tuberkulosis dapat meningkatkan risiko resistensi obat, memperburuk kondisi kesehatan pasien.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis determinan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien tuberkulosis (TB) di Puskesmas Ingin Jaya.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 34 responden melalui teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan via wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan uji chi-square menggunakan SPSS versi 25.
Hasil: Sebanyak 91.2% responden patuh minum obat, 91.2% memperoleh dukungan sosial, 82.4% mendapatkan pengawasan menelan obat, 70.6% memiliki akses mudah ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, dan 91.2% mengalami stigma positif dari masyarakat. Secara bivariat, dukungan sosial (p = 0.000), PMO (p = 0.000; OR = 0.500), dan akses fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (p = 0.005; OR = 0.700) berhubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan tuberkulosis paru. Sementara itu, stigma masyarakat (p =0.117; OR = 7.25) tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan.
Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial, pengawasan menelan obat, Akses fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan stigma masyarakat menjadi faktor penting dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan. Perlunya melibatkan keluarga, tenaga kesehatan, masyarakat, penyediaan akses layanan kesehatan yang mudah dijangkau, serta upaya edukasi berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan.
Kata Kunci: Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan; Dukungan Sosial; Kepatuhan; Obat Tuberkulosis; Pengawasan Menelan Obat.
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