Gambaran skala nyeri pada pasien pasca operasi dengan anestesi umum di recovery room
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/nmi.v3i3.4420
General Anesthesia NRS Pain Intensity Postoperative Pain Recovery Room Ruang Pemulihan. Nyeri Pasca Operas Intensitas Nyeri Anestesi Umum
Abstract
Background: Surgical procedures under general anesthesia may cause postoperative pain due to tissue damage and inflammatory responses. Inadequately managed pain can affect the recovery process, increase the risk of complications, and prolong the length of hospital stay.
Purpose: To determine the description of postoperative pain intensity based on age, gender, and type of surgery among patients receiving general anesthesia at Dirgahayu Hospital Samarinda.
Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 190 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using an observation sheet and pain assessment with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) in the recovery room. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis to describe the frequency distribution of each variable.
Results: The results showed that the median age of patients was 36 years, with a range of 18–75 years. Female patients totaled 107 respondents (56.3%), while male patients totaled 83 respondents (43.7%). The most common type of surgery was general surgery with 107 cases (56.3%). The highest proportion of postoperative pain was in the moderate category with 89 respondents (46.8%), followed by mild pain with 56 respondents (29.5%), severe pain with 38 respondents (20.0%), and no pain with 7 respondents (3.7%).
Conclusion: This study shows that most patients experienced moderate pain during the early recovery period in the recovery room.
Keywords: General Anesthesia; NRS; Pain Intensity; Postoperative Pain; Recovery Room
Pendahuluan: Tindakan pembedahan dengan anestesi umum dapat menimbulkan nyeri pasca operasi akibat kerusakan jaringan dan respons inflamasi. Nyeri yang tidak tertangani dengan baik dapat memengaruhi proses pemulihan, meningkatkan risiko komplikasi, serta memperpanjang lama rawat inap.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran skala nyeri pasca operasi berdasarkan karakteristik usia, jenis kelamin, dan jenis pembedahan pada pasien dengan anestesi umum di Rumah Sakit Dirgahayu Samarinda. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 190 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan lembar observasi dan penilaian skala nyeri Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) di recovery room. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat untuk mendeskripsikan distribusi frekuensi masing-masing variabel.
Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan median usia pasien adalah 36 tahun dengan rentang 18-75 tahun. Pasien perempuan sebanyak 107 responden (56.3%) dan laki-laki sebanyak 83 reponden (43.7%). Jenis pembedahan terbanyak adalah bedah umum sebanyak 107 kasus (56.3%). Tingkat nyeri pasca operasi paling banyak berada pada kategori nyeri sedang sebanyak 89 responden (46.8%), diikuti nyeri ringan sebanyak 56 responden (29.5%), nyeri berat sebanyak 38 responden (20.0%), serta tidak nyeri sebanyak 7 orang (3.7%).
Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien mengalami nyeri sedang pada periode awal pemulihan di recovery room.
Kata kunci: Anestesi Umum; Intensitas Nyeri; Nyeri Pasca Operasi; NRS; Ruang Pemulihan.
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