Repositioning and virgin coconut oil effleurage massage to reduce pressure ulcer risk among bedridden patients
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/msc.v6i2.2996
Effleurage Massage Pressure Ulcer Risk Repositioning
Abstract
Background: Bedridden patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at increased risk of pressure ulcers because prolonged immobility and sustained pressure impair tissue perfusion and compromise skin integrity. Repositioning and effleurage massage are non-pharmacological nursing interventions that may help reduce this risk.
Purpose: To evaluate changes in pressure ulcer risk following a combined repositioning and effleurage massage intervention among bedridden ICU patients.
Method: This quasi-experimental study used a one-group pretest-posttest design and included 40 bedridden ICU patients recruited through total sampling. Pressure ulcer risk was assessed using the Norton Scale before and after a three-day intervention comprising repositioning every two hours and effleurage massage with virgin coconut oil. Pre-intervention and post-intervention risk scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results A marked shift toward lower pressure ulcer risk categories was observed after the intervention. The proportion of participants classified as being at high risk decreased from 70.0% (n = 28) before the intervention to 5.0% (n = 2) afterward, whereas the proportion classified as having no risk increased from 5.0% (n = 2) to 92.5% (n = 37). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a statistically significant reduction in pressure ulcer risk following the intervention (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The combined repositioning and effleurage massage intervention was followed by a significant reduction in assessed pressure ulcer risk among bedridden ICU patients.
Downloads
References
Alderden, J., Brooks, K. R., Kennerly, S. M., Yap, T. L., Dworak, E., & Cox, J. (2025). Risk factors for pressure injuries in critical care patients: an updated systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, 169, 105127.
Alderden, J., Rondinelli, J., Pepper, G., Cummins, M., & Whitney, J. (2017). Risk factors for pressure injuries among critical care patients: a systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, 71, 97-114.
Alshahrani, B., Sim, J., & Middleton, R. (2021). Nursing interventions for pressure injury prevention among critically ill patients: A systematic review. Journal of clinical nursing, 30(15-16), 2151-2168.
Andayani, R. P., Wahyuni, F., Ausrianti, R., Reni, I., Edo, C. W. D., & Amir, H. (2023). Effectiveness of virgin coconut oil and regular repositioning in preventing pressure ulcers in children. Med J Malaysia, 78(4), 471-478.
Asiri, S. (2023). Turning and repositioning frequency to prevent hospital-acquired pressure injuries among adult patients: systematic review. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 60, 00469580231215209.
Avsar, P., Moore, Z., Patton, D., O'Connor, T., Budri, A. M., & Nugent, L. (2020). Repositioning for preventing pressure ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Wound Care, 29(9), 496-508.
Zahra, A. A. A., & Dwiningsih, S. U. (2023). Pengaruh massage effleurage dengan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) terhadap pencegahan risiko dekubitus pada pasien stroke non hemoragik. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 13(2), 665-672.
Badrujamaludin, A., Melanie, R., & Nurdiantini, N. (2021). Pengaruh mobilisasi dan massage terhadap pencegahan risiko luka tekan pada pasien tirah baring.
Chaboyer, W. P., Thalib, L., Harbeck, E. L., Coyer, F. M., Blot, S., Bull, C. F., & Lin, F. F. (2018). Incidence and prevalence of pressure injuries in adult intensive care patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical care medicine, 46(11), e1074-e1081.
Coyer, F., Cook, J. L., Brown, W., Vann, A., & Doubrovsky, A. (2020). Securement to prevent device‐related pressure injuries in the intensive care unit: a randomised controlled feasibility study. International Wound Journal, 17(6), 1566-1577.
Darmareja, R., Kosasih, C. E., & Priambodo, A. P. (2020). The Effect Of Effleurage Massage Using Virgin Coconut Oil On The Risk Level Of Pressure Ulcers In Intensive Care Unit Patients. Jurnal keperawatan soedirman, 15(3).
PACIFIC, P. of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline.
Fallahi, M., Soroush, A., Sadeghi, N., Mansouri, F., Mobaderi, T., & Mahdavikian, S. (2022). Comparative evaluation of the effect of aloe vera gel, olive oil, and compound aloe vera gel-olive oil on prevention of pressure ulcer: A randomized controlled trial. Advanced Biomedical Research, 11(1), 6.
Gillespie, B. M., Walker, R. M., Latimer, S. L., Thalib, L., Whitty, J. A., McInnes, E., & Chaboyer, W. P. (2021). Repositioning for pressure injury prevention in adults: An abridged Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 120, 103976.
Li, Z., Lin, F., Thalib, L., & Chaboyer, W. (2020). Global prevalence and incidence of pressure injuries in hospitalised adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of nursing studies, 105, 103546.
Lichterfeld-Kottner, A., Lahmann, N., & Kottner, J. (2020). Sex-specific differences in prevention and treatment of institutional-acquired pressure ulcers in hospitals and nursing homes. Journal of Tissue Viability, 29(3), 204-210.
Lovegrove, J., Fulbrook, P., Miles, S., & Steele, M. (2022). Effectiveness of interventions to prevent pressure injury in adults admitted to intensive care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Australian Critical Care, 35(2), 186-203.
Lupiañez‐Pérez, I., Morilla‐Herrera, J. C., Kaknani‐Uttumchandani, S., Lupiañez‐Perez, Y., Cuevas‐Fernandez‐Gallego, M., Martin‐Santos, F., & Morales‐Asencio, J. M. (2017). A cost minimization analysis of olive oil vs. hyperoxygenated fatty acid treatment for the prevention of pressure ulcers in primary healthcare: A randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 25(5), 846-851.
Zhang, Y., Zhuang, Y., Shen, J., Chen, X., Wen, Q., Jiang, Q., & Lao, Y. (2021). Value of pressure injury assessment scales for patients in the intensive care unit: systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 64, 103009.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Putriyani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
