Analisis asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan kegawatdaruratan sistem kardiovaskuler berbasis teori adaptasi calista roy
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/msc.v5i2.2042
Asuhan Keperawatan Kegawatdaruratan Sistem Kardiovaskuler
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular emergencies are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Indonesia and worldwide. Approximately 80% of sudden deaths are caused by coronary heart disease. Nurses play an important role in the management of patients experiencing cardiovascular emergencies. Consistent and comprehensive implementation of the emergency nursing process is key to providing quality nursing care.
Purpose: to analyze nursing care for patients with cardiovascular emergencies.
Method: A case study design. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews with patients and families, and review of medical records. Variables collected included medical diagnoses, assessment data, physical examination and supporting examination results, problem analysis, interventions, implementation, and nursing evaluation.
Results: STEMI patients experience chest pain, shortness of breath, cold sweats, ST elevation on electrocardiography, and elevated troponin levels. The nursing problem identified is ineffective myocardial perfusion. The actions taken included administering nasal cannula oxygen therapy at 3 lpm, recording a 12-lead ECG, administering ASA 300 mg, CPG 300 mg, parenteral fluids, ISDN 5 mg (sublingual), Candesartan 8 mg, inserting a urinary catheter, and observing vital signs. Evaluation after treatment in the ER showed that the problem of ineffective myocardial perfusion was partially resolved, so the patient was admitted to the ICCU for further treatment.
Conclusion: Patients with cardiovascular emergencies experience ineffective myocardial tissue perfusion. Patients are given several treatments to address their emergency conditions, including ASA, CPG, ISDN, and Candesartan therapy.
Keywords: Cardiovascular System; Emergency Care; Nursing Care.
Pendahuluan: Kegawatdaruratan sistem kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas utama di Indonesia dan di dunia. Sekitar 80% kematian mendadak disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung coroner. Perawat memiliki peran yang penting dalam penanganan pasien yang mengalami kegawatdaruratan sistem kardiovaskular. Penerapan proses keperawatan gawat darurat secara konsisten dan komprehensif menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang berkualitas.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis asuhan keperawatan pada pasien kegawatdaruratan sistem kardiovaskuler.
Metode: Desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan observasi langsung, wawancara dengan pasien dan keluarga, serta review rekam medis. Variabel yang dikumpulkan meliputi diagnosa medis, data hasil pengkajian, hasil pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang, analisis masalah, intervensi, implementasi, serta evaluasi keperawatan.
Hasil: Pasien STEMI mengalami manifestasi nyeri dada, sesak napas, keringat dingin, Gambaran ST elevasi pada elektrokardiografi, serta adanya peningkatan troponin. Masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan adalah perfusi jaringan miokard tidak efektif. Tindakan yang dilakukan berupa pemberian terapi oksigen nasal canul 3 lpm, perekaman EKG 12 lead, pemberian terapi ASA 300 mg, CPG 300 mg, cairan parenteral, ISDN tab 5 mg (sub lingual), Candesartan 8 mg, pemasangan kateter urin dan observasi TTV. Evaluasi setelah dilakukan perawatan di UGD didapatkan hasil masalah perfusi jaringan miokard tidak efektif teratasi sebagian, maka untuk perawatan lebih lanjut pasien dirawat di ICCU
Simpulan. Pasien dengan kegawatdaruratan sistem kardiovaskuler mengalami masalah perfusi jaringan miokard tidak efektif. Pasien diberikan beberapa tindakan untuk menangani kondisi kegawatdaruratannya berupa pemberian terapi ASA, CPG, ISDN, dan Candesartan.
Kata Kunci: Asuhan Keperawatan; Kegawatdaruratan; Sistem Kardiovaskuler.
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