The association of age, sex, residence, and parental occupation with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/mchc.v5i5.4126
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Age Children Parental Occupation Sex
Abstract
Background: The Association of Age, Sex, Place of Residence, and Parental Occupation with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital, Bandar Lampung. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents the predominant hematologic malignancy affecting the pediatric population, with its development believed to be associated with both demographic and environmental determinants.
Purpose: To examine the associations of age, sex, place of residence, and parental occupation (mother) with ALL among pediatric leukemia patients.
Method: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design and secondary data from the medical records of 123 pediatric patients with leukemia at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Regional Hospital, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, from January 2024 to December 2025. Total sampling was used. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.
Results: Among 123 pediatric leukemia patients, 104 (84.6%) were diagnosed with ALL. Most patients were aged 1–5 years (44.7%), male (71.5%), lived in regency areas (81.3%), and had parents working as farmers/laborers (47.2%). Sex was significantly associated with ALL (p = 0.011; OR = 3.511; 95% CI: 1.283–9.607). Parental occupation was also significantly associated with ALL (p = 0.001). Age (p = 0.059) and place of residence (p = 0.196) were not significantly associated with ALL.
Conclusion: Sex and parental occupation were significantly associated with ALL among pediatric leukemia patients, whereas age and place of residence were not. Further studies should assess specific occupational and environmental exposures to clarify potential risk factors for childhood ALL.
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