Efektivitas program positive deviance terhadap peningkatan status gizi balita melalui kegiatan pos gizi: Literature review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/mchc.v3i1.336
Efektivitas Positive Deviance Peningkatan Gizi Balita
Abstract
Background: Toddlers are a risk population. Toddlers are a group that is at risk of experiencing malnutrition due to age and their dependence on parents in fulfilling their nutrition, including the lack of control from parents and society against all forms of health threats to toddlers. Positive deviance/Hearth is a community-based intervention that identifies the main challenges contributing to malnutrition in the community and finds local solutions to address them by observing positive behaviors practiced in “positive deviance”, children from poor households with better nutritional outcomes better than families who have the same problem in society.
Purpose: To identify the effectiveness of the positive deviation program in improving the nutritional status of toddlers through nutrition post activities.
Method: Writing articles using a systematic literature study. Articles were searched for and collected from online databases using: Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, ProQuest and Elsivier. Literature is limited to the range of 2016 to 2022.
Results: It was found that poverty is not the main cause of malnutrition in children under five. This is corroborated by the finding that there are positive behaviors in poor families that can cause toddlers to continue to grow normally, and this activity can be exemplified through the positive deviation approach. The results showed that there was a relationship between the participation of mothers in nutrition post activities and the nutritional status of toddlers. This is due to the positive feeding practices and good care during the nutrition post session practiced by the mother of the toddler. Positive deviation activities carried out in the community require good planning, so that the implementation of the program can bring benefits in accordance with the goal of improving the nutritional status of children under five. Because an evaluation is needed in this program so that the nutritional status of toddlers who have improved can be maintained.
Conclusion: Poor nutritional status of children under five is a very complex health problem and requires treatment through both intensive and sensitive efforts, positive deviation is a very effective program to implement.
Keywords: Effectiveness; Positive Deviance, Increase; Toddler Nutrition.
Pendahuluan: Balita adalah populasi berisiko. Balita merupakan kelompok yang berisiko mengalami kurang nutrisi karena faktor usia dan ketergantungannya terhadap orang tua dalam pemenuhan nutrisinya termasuk kurangnya kontrol dari orang tua dan masyarakat terhadap segala bentuk ancaman kesehatan terhadap balita. Positive deviance/Pos Gizi adalah intervensi berbasis masyarakat yang mengidentifikasi tantangan utama yang berkontribusi terhadap kekurangan gizi di masyarakat dan menemukan solusi lokal untuk mengatasinya dengan mengamati perilaku positif yang dipraktikkan dalam “penyimpangan positif”, anak-anak dari rumah tangga miskin dengan hasil gizi yang lebih baik dibandingkan keluarga yang memiliki masalah yang sama di masyarakat.
Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi efektifitas program positive deviance terhadap peningkatan status gizi balita melalui kegiatan pos gizi.
Metode: Penulisan artikel menggunakan studi literatur tersistematis. Artikel dicari dan dikumpulkan dari online database yaitu menggunakan: Google scholar , Scopus, Science Direct, Google Cendikia, ProQuest dan Elsivier. Literatur terbatas pada rentang tahun 2016 sampai 2022.
Hasil: Ditemukan bahwa kemiskinan bukan menjadi penyebab utama kejadian gizi kurang pada balita. Hal ini dikuatkan dengan temuan bahwa terdapat perilaku yang positif pada keluarga miskin yang dapat menyebabkan balita tetap bertumbuh dengan normal, dan kegiatan ini dapat dicontoh melalui pendekatan positive deviance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara keikutsertaan ibu dalam kegiatan pos gizi dengan status gizi balita. Hal ini disebabkan karena praktik pemberian makan yang positif dan pengasuhan yang baik selama sesi pos gizi dipraktikkan oleh ibu balita. Kegiatan positive deviance yang dilakukan dalam masyarakat, membutuhkan perancanaan yang baik, sehingga pelaksanaan program bisa membawa manfaat sesuai dengan tujuan yaitu meningkatkan status gizi balita. Karena diperlukan adanya evaluasi dalam program ini sehingga status gizi balita yang telah membaik dapat dipertahankan.
Simpulan: Status gizi balita yang kurang merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat kompleks dan membutuhkan penanganan baik melalui upaya intensif maupun sensitif, positive deviance adalah salah satu program yang sangat efektif untuk dilakukan.
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