Factors associated with the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-59 months
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/mchc.v4i8.1701
ANC Exclusive Breastfeeding Family Income Stunting
Abstract
Background: Stunting is a nutritional issue that has been a major focus of the Indonesian government. Stunting is caused by chronic malnutrition. Stunting can have both short-term and long-term impacts. Betara Kiri Village has the highest stunting rate.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors associated with stunting in toddlers aged 12-59 months in Betara Kiri Village, within the Parit Deli Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area, in 2024.
Method: This research is a quantitative study with a case-control design. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The case samples of this study were toddlers aged 12–59 months who experienced stunting and the control samples were toddlers aged 12–59 months who did not experience stunting, with a total sample of 60 consisting of 20 cases and 40 controls from a total population of 134. Data collection was carried out by measuring the height/height of toddlers and interviews using questionnaires. This study took place in Betara Kiri Village, within the working area of the Parit Deli Community Health Center, from July 16, 2024 to September 8, 2025.
Results: Most toddlers were exclusively breastfed (75.0%) and had no history of infection (85.0%). More than half of the mothers had low education (51.7%) and were short in stature (51.7%), while the majority attended ANC visits (81.7%), had a low-risk gestational age (75.0%), normal birth spacing (90.0%), low parity (93.3%), and family income above the minimum wage () (63.3%). This study found that exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.027), history of ANC visits (p=0.031), family income (p=0.004), history of infectious diseases (p=0.464), maternal education level (p=0.083), maternal age during pregnancy (p=0.114), birth spacing (p=0.089), parity (p=0.595) and maternal height (p=0.089) were related to the results.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that exclusive breastfeeding, history of ANC visits, and family income are associated with stunting. It is hoped that community health centers can improve the quality of exclusive breastfeeding, monitor regular ANC visits, and provide education to low-income families about the importance of balanced nutrition.
Downloads
References
Abri, N., Thaha, A. R., & Jafar, N. (2022). Relationship Between Economic Status, Infectious Diseases and Urinary Iodine Excretion with Stunting Incidence of Elementary School Children in IDD Endemic Areas, Enrekang Regency. Journal of Health and Nutrition Research, 1(3), 133-139.
Adriani, P., Aisyah, I. S., Wirawan, S., Hasanah, L. N., & Idris, N. A., Yulistianingsih, A., & Siswati, T. (2022). Stunting Pada Anak. PT Global Eksekutif Teknologi, 124.
Akbar, I., & Huriah, T. (2022). Modul pencegahan stunting. Modul Pencegahan Stunting, 1-32.
Al-Aluf, W., Arjita, I. P. D., & Mathar, M. A. K. (2024). Hubungan Usia Ibu, Riwayat Anemia, dan Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Baduta di Desa Puyung Kecamatan Jonggat Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(22), 1317-1329.
Archda, R., & Tumangger, J. (2019). Hulu-hilir penanggulangan stunting di Indonesia.
Awani, A. T., Wahyuni, F., Yusuf, K., Masithah, S. M., & Rahmaniar, A. R. (2025). Hubungan Jarak Kelahiran Dan Jumlah Anak Dengan Status Gizi Balita Usia 6–59 Bulan. Lontara Journal of Health Science and Technology, 6(1), 18-25.
Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional. (2017). 1000 HPK (Hari Pertama Kehidupan). Retrieved from: https://www.orangtuahebat.id
Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional. (2021). Kamus Istilah Kependudukan KB dan Keluarga Sejahtera. Retrieved from: https://www.scribd.com/doc/155484112/Kamus-Istilah-Kependudukan-dan-Keluarga-Berencana
Banudi, L., Santoso, B., Leksono, P., Rantesalu, M., & Palutturi, S. (2020). The Development of Early Detection Tool for Stunting Prediction. Medico-legal Update, 20(4).
Dainy, N. C., Kusumaningati, W., Ashari, C. R., & Kushargina, R. (2024). A Case Control in a Sub-Urban Area: Maternal Height and Nutritional Status with the Incidence of Stunting Among Toddlers. National Nutrition Journal/Media Gizi Indonesia, 19(3).
Eldrian, F., Karinda, M., Setianto, R., Dewi, B. A., & Gusmira, Y. H. (2023). Hubungan riwayat penyakit infeksi dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Yayasan RS. Dr. Soetomo, 9(1), 80-89.
Fadlil, M. R., Pangestuti, D., Pane, A. H., & Diba, F. (2025). Hubungan Usia, Antenatal Care, Stataus Gizi Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas Puskesmas Petaling, Kabupaten Bangka. Jurnal Kedokteran Ibnu Nafis, 14(1), 161-170.
Falmuariat, Q., Febrianti, T., & Mustakim, M. (2022). Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita di negara berkembang. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 11(2), 308-315.
Hamid, N. A., Pakhri, A., Mustamin, A. A., & Adam, A. (2021). Kunjungan Antenatal Care (Anc) Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Bayi Usia 6-23 Bulan. Media Gizi Pangan, 28(2), 57-63.
Handayani, S., Gunarmi, G., & Agusman, F. (2022). Hubungan Kadar Haemoglobin, Status Gizi dan Jarak Kehamilan Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting. Jurnal Kebidanan, 190-202.
Hapsari, W., & Ichsan, B. (2018). Hubungan pendapatan keluarga, pengetahuan Ibu tentang gizi, tinggi badan orang tua, dan tingkat pendidikan ayah dengan kejadian stunting pada anak umur 12-59 bulan. (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
Juniarty, E., Lestari, D. A., & Mandasari, P. (2024). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemberian Kolostrum Pada Bayi Baru Lahir di Praktik Mandiri Bidan (Pmb) Irma Suryani Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Pembangunan, 14(1), 34-44.
Khairani, N., & Effendi, S. U. (2020). Analisis kejadian stunting pada balita ditinjau dari status imunisasi dasar dan riwayat penyakit infeksi. Prepotif Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 4(2), 228-234.
Kusumawardhani, A., Nurruhyuliawati, W., & Garna, H. (2020). Hubungan Riwayat Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah dan Jumlah Anak dalam Keluarga dengan Kejadian Stunting Usia 12-59 Bulan di Desa Panyirapan Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains, 2(1), 81-85.
Lanita, U., Al Nabila, P. C., Hidayati, F., Siregar, S. A., & Kasyani, K. (2023). The Relationship between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Clean Water with Stunting in Toddlers. KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science, 3(3), 288-295.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Pedoman Pelayanan Antenatal Terpadu. Retrieved from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A5RT_JAWAEinrKLodUL0yUEOwg6alQZK/view
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Buku Saku Merencanakan Kehamilan Sehat. Retrieved from: https://repository.kemkes.go.id/book/874
Novayanti, L. H., Armini, N. W., & Mauliku, J. (2021). Hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita umur 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Banjar I Tahun 2021. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan (The Journal of Midwifery), 9(2), 132-139.
Noviyanti, R. (2023). Hubungan Tinggi Badan Ibu, Riwayat Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK), dan Usia Ibu Saat Hamil dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Batita Usia 12-35 Bulan Di Desa Mojokerto, Kecamatan Kedawung, Kabupaten Sragen.
Nurhidayati, T., Rosiana, H., & Rozikhan, R. (2020). Usia Ibu saat hamil dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 1-3 tahun. Midwifery Care Journal, 1(5), 122-126.
Podungge, Y., Yulianingsih, E., Porouw, H. S., Saraswati, E., Tompunuh, M. M., Claudia, J. G., & Labatjo, R. (2021). Determinant factors of stunting in under-five children. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(B), 1717-1726.
Pradini, S. A., Ariani, M., & Fetriyah, U. H. (2024). Hubungan Riwayat Kehamilan Remaja (12-18 Tahun) Dan Jarak Kelahiran Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Puskesmas Pekauman Banjarmasin. Jurnal Delima Harapan, 11(2), 58-65.
Putri, M. G., Irawan, R., Mukono, I. S., & Whitney, M. (2021). Hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi, dan riwayat penyakit infeksi terhadap kejadian stunting anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Media Gizi Kesmas, 10(1), 72-79.
Rahayu, E. P., & Sholehawati, S. (2021). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Diwilayah Kerja Uptd Puskesmas Kampar Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal kesehatan komunitas (Journal of community health), 7(2), 234-240.
Ramadhini, N., Sulastri, D., & Irfandi, D. (2021). Antenatal Care Relationship to the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Aged 0-24 Months in the Working Area of the Seberang Padang Health Center in 2019. J. Ilmu Kesehat. Indones, 1(3), 246-253.
Rohmania, D., Lina, N., & Novianti, S. (2024). Hubungan Asupan Energi Dan Protein, Riwayat Penyakit Infeksi Dan Picky Eating Dengan Kejadian Stunting di Kecamatan Cisayong Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia, 20(1), 63-72.
Safitri, Y., Lail, N. H., & Indrayani, T. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita dimasa pandemi covid-19 wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gunung Kaler Tangerang. Journal for Quality in Women's Health, 4(1), 70-83.
Sahdani, F., Isaura, E. R., & Sumarmi, S. (2021). Association between exclusive breastfeeding practice, taburia supplementation, and stunting prevalence among children aged 24–60 months in Sidotopo Wetan, Surabaya. Media Gizi Indonesia, 16(2), 175.
Sari, L. T., Renityas, N. N., & Sari, I. N. (2021). Determinants Analysis of the Incidence of Stunting in Children 1-2 Years. Jurnal Ners Dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery), 8(2), 190-195.
Sari, S. D., & Zelharsandy, V. T. (2022). Hubungan Pendapatan Ekonomi Keluarga dan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu terhadap Kejadian Stunting. Jurnal Kebidanan Harapan Ibu Pekalongan, 9(2), 108-113.
Sarman, S. (2021). Hubungan ASI Eksklusif dan Paritas Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 6-12 Bulan Di Kota Kotamobagu: Studi Retrospektif. Gema Wiralodra, 12(2), 206-216.
Septiani, H., Litasari, R., Ariani, D., Fauzi, A. R., & Risyani, E. (2023). Antenatal Care Visits, Economic Status, and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women on Stunting. Nurul Ilmi: Journal of Health Sciences and Midwifery, 1(1), 7-12.
Sutarto, S. T. T., & Ratna, D. P. S. (2020). Hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pendapatan keluarga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Way Urang Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas, 9(2), 256-263.
Sutarto, S., Azqinar, T. C., & Puspita Sari, R. D. (2020). The relationship between maternal education level and family income with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of Puskesmas Way Urang, South Lampung Regency. World Journal of Public Health, 9(2), 256-263.
Tanzil, L., & Hafriani, H. (2021). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Stunting Pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan. JKM (Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati), 7(1), 25-31.
Trisyani, K., Fara, Y. D., & Mayasari, A. T. (2020). Hubungan faktor ibu dengan kejadian stunting. Jurnal Maternitas Aisyah (JAMAN AISYAH), 1(3), 189-197.
Wahyu, A., Ginting, L., & Sinaga, N. D. (2022). Jumlah Anak, Jarak Kelahiran Anak dan Peran Ayah dengan Kejadian Stunting Selama Pademi COVID-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 6(1), 535-543.
Wiartin, I. R., Darmapatni, M. W. G., & Tedjasulaksana, R. (2025). Hubungan Usia Ibu Saat Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita. JURNAL KESEHATAN POLTEKKES KEMENKES RI PANGKALPINANG, 13(1), 1-6.
Widiyarti, E. S., Nurzihan, N. C., & Muhlishoh, A. (2023). Hubungan Tinggi Badan Ibu, Riwayat ASI Eksklusif dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 24-59 Bulan. Jurnal Gizi Kerja Dan Produktivitas, 4(2), 158-164.
Wu, H., Ma, C., Yang, L., & Xi, B. (2021). Association of parental height with offspring stunting in 14 low-and middle-income countries. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 650976.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 THE JOURNAL OF Mother and Child Health Concerns
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
