The Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude, and Vaginal Care Behavior and the Incidence of Vaginal Discharge Among Pregnant Women
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/mchc.v4i8.1664
Attitudes Behavior Knowledge Pregnant Women Vaginal Discharge
Abstract
Background: One of the physiological changes that occurs in pregnant women is vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge that occurs during pregnancy is a health problem that requires attention, because it can have an impact on reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Knowledge, attitudes and behavior of vaginal care are factors that influence the occurrence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women.
Purpose: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of vaginal care towards the occurrence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women.
Method: This type of study is an observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study was 72 people. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with inclusion criteria, namely gestational age 4-36 weeks who experienced vaginal discharge, had no history of urogenital infection.
Results: There is a significant relationship between knowledge and the occurrence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women (p = 0.000), attitudes with the occurrence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women (p = 0.000; OR = 3.328), and vaginal care behavior with the occurrence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women (p = 0.000; OR = 10.105).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding vaginal care plays an important role in influencing the occurrence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women.
Suggestion: Pregnant women should be more proactive in seeking information and increasing their knowledge about the importance of maintaining reproductive hygiene. Hospitals should improve their health promotion programs, particularly education on personal hygiene for pregnant women.
Downloads
References
Aminah, S., & Yuliani, I. (2024). Hubungan Pengetahuan terhadap Kejadian Keputihan Pada Ibu Hamil di Poli Kia RSUD dr. Adjidarmo Kabupaten Lebak. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 6(10), 4027-4035.
Dewi, R., Ernawati, W., & Septiani, T. (2025). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Personal Higyene Terhadap Kejadian Keputihan Pada Ibu Hamil Di Klinik BP Annisa Banyuasin. Jurnal kesehatan dan pembangunan, 15(1).
Edziah, F. S., Acheampong, P. R., Tawiah, P. A., Amengor, C. D., Kpene, G. E., Amponsah, G. O., & Deku, J. G. (2025). Vulvovaginal candidiasis: knowledge, practices and occurrence among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in a teaching hospital, Ghana. Frontiers in Global Women's Health, 6, 1647140.
Hillier, S. L., Austin, M., Macio, I., Meyn, L. A., Badway, D., & Beigi, R. (2021). Diagnosis and treatment of vaginal discharge syndromes in community practice settings. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 72(9), 1538-1543.
Humairoh, F., Musthofa, S. B., & Widagdo, L. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku vulva hygiene pada remaja putri panti asuhan di kecamatan tembalang, kota semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6(1), 745-752.
Janssen, L. E., Verduin, R. J., de Groot, C. J., Oudijk, M. A., & de Boer, M. A. (2022). The association between vaginal hygiene practices and spontaneous preterm birth: A case-control study. Plos one, 17(6), e0268248.
Juniar, A. D., Simamora, A. Y., Manalu, C. N. P., Cathryne, J., & Ningsih, M. T. A. S. (2023). The relationship between level of knowledge and vaginal discharge prevention behavior for nursing students. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 76(Suppl 2), e20220602.
Kenfack-Zanguim, J., Kenmoe, S., Bowo-Ngandji, A., Kenfack-Momo, R., Ebogo-Belobo, J. T., Kengne-Ndé, C., & Esemu, L. F. (2023). Systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 289, 9-18.
Khadawardi, K. (2020). Prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge among pregnant women. Med J Cairo Univ, 88(2), 677-683.
Kumari, R., Kumar, S., Poonia, R. C., Singh, V., Raja, L., Bhatnagar, V., & Agarwal, P. (2021). Analysis and predictions of spread, recovery, and death caused by COVID-19 in India. Big Data Mining and Analytics, 4(2), 65-75.
Madiyanti, D. (2020). Hubungan Sikap dan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Dalam Perawatan Keputihan di Puskesmas Gedong Tataan. Jurnal Wacana Kesehatan Учредители: Akademi Keperawatan Dharma Wacana, 5(1), 512.
Mardiah, A. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Keputihan, Sikap dan Perilaku Personal Hygens Terhadap Kejadian Flour Albus (Keputihan). Human Care Journal, 7(1), 226-237.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Profil kesehatan indonesia 2021. Pusdatin. Kemenkes. go. id, 63.
Mokwele, R. N., Ndzamba, B. S., & Schellack, N. (2019). Bacterial vaginosis: An overview. S Afr Pharm J, 86(2), 13-16.
Munandar, M., Suhartono, S., & Ardani, M. H. (2018). The Influence of Reflective Supervision Training of Head Nurses on the Compliance of staff Nurses in Implementing Hand Hygiene in RSUD Bima (Doctoral dissertation, Medicine Faculty).
Muthoharoh, S., & Virgia, V. (2016). Studi Korelasi Paritas dengan Kejadian Pre Eklamsi pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Gayaman Kabupaten Mojokerto. Jurnal Keperawatan, 9(2), 7-7.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2007). Promosi kesehatan dan ilmu perilaku. Jakarta: rineka cipta, 20.
Novianti, R., & Haeriyah, S. (2021). Hubungan Perilaku Personal Hygiene Dengan Keputihan Pada Ibu Hamil di PMB Kota Tangerang Tahun 2021.
Noyes, N., Cho, K. C., Ravel, J., Forney, L. J., & Abdo, Z. (2018). Associations between sexual habits, menstrual hygiene practices, demographics and the vaginal microbiome as revealed by Bayesian network analysis. PloS one, 13(1), e0191625.
Prasad, D., Parween, S., Kumari, K., Singh, N., & Kumari, K. D. (2021). Prevalence, etiology, and associated symptoms of vaginal discharge during pregnancy in women seen in a tertiary care Hospital in Bihar. Cureus, 13(1).
Pratiwi, R. (2022). Asuhan Berkesinambungan Pada Ny. R Umur 19 Tahun G1P0A0 Dengan Faktor Risiko Umur di PMB Supiyah Bantul (Doctoral dissertation, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta).
Prianti, A. T., Trianigsih, Y., & Khatimah, H. (2021). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Flour Albus Pada Ibu Hamil: Factors Associated with Leucorrhoea in Pregnant Women. Journal of Midwifery Science and Women's Health, 1(2), 64-69.
Regassa, B. T., Kumsa, C., Wondimu, F., Yilma, S., Moreda, A. B., Shuulee, A. O. A., & Debelo, B. T. (2024). Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics at public hospitals in West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 21474.
Riansih, C., & Utami, J. N. W. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan dengan Kejadian Keputihan (Flour Albus) Menurut Data Pemeriksaan IVA Keliling di Perkumpulan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia (PKBI) Daerah istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Permata Indonesia.
Ryan, R. A., Hepworth, A. D., Lyndon, A., & Bihuniak, J. D. (2023). Use of galactagogues to increase milk production among breastfeeding mothers in the United States: A descriptive study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 123(9), 1329-1339.
Sethi, N., Narayanan, V., Saaid, R., Ahmad Adlan, A. S., Ngoi, S. T., & Teh, C. S. J., (2025). research group Tan Kim Kee Zuraiju Siti Nur Edlyn Nadia Razali Asbah Ong Siew Kian Ng Doris Sin Wen Syed Jafer Hussain Zaidi Syeda Nureena. (2025). Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 25(1), 40.
Utami, R. (2024). Literature Review: Perawatan Organ Reproduksi dan Kejadian Keputihan Selama Masa Kehamilan. Journal of Public Health Science, 1(3), 126-136.
Wahyunita, V. D., & Saragih, K. M. (2023). Korelasi Perilaku Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Flour Albus Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Saumlaki. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 5(11), 3911-3926.
Waruwu, B. K. (2022). Smartphone mothering and mediated family display: Transnational family practices in a polymedia environment among Indonesian mothers in Hong Kong. Mobile Media & Communication, 10(1), 97-114.
Worku, M. Y. (2022). Recent advances in energy storage systems for renewable source grid integration: a comprehensive review. Sustainability, 14(10), 5985.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 THE JOURNAL OF Mother and Child Health Concerns
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
