Prediksi penerimaan terapi pencegahan tuberkulosis pada kontak serumah dengan pendekatan health belief model (HBM)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i4.993
Health Belief Model (HBM) Kontak Serumah Penerimaan Terapi Pencegahan Tuberkulosis
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, Indonesia ranks second only to India with an estimated 1,060.000 cases, but only 820,789 cases have been reported, posing a risk of transmission, including the risk of Infectious Latent Tuberculosis (ILTB). The WHO recommends Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) to prevent ILTB, but Indonesia's TPT achievement is still low, only 2.6% by 2023, far from the target of 68%.
Purpose: To analyze the prediction of acceptance of tuberculosis preventive therapy in household contacts using the health belief model (HBM) approach.
Method: Analytic observational research design with cross-sectional design, involving 308 respondents from nine health centers. The dependent variable was TPT acceptance, while the independent variables included perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. The research instrument used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.
Results: The mean age was 38.21 years, mostly female (50.3%), with high school education (23.1%). The results of the chi-square test showed that all variables had a significant association with TPT acceptance (p-value <0.001), with consecutive ORs: vulnerability 7.347 (4.367-12.363), severity 7.796 (4.597-13.222), benefits 7.197 (4.293-12.065), barriers 5.684 (3.427-9.429), and cues to action 6.266 (3.732-10.519). Logistic regression analysis identified perceived benefits of TPT as the dominant factor with an OR of 3.208 (95% CI: 1.762-5.842).
Conclusion: There was a significant association between susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action with TPT acceptance, with TPT benefits as the dominant influencing factor.
Suggestion: Increase TPT campaigns and education through various media, with an emphasis on strengthening beliefs in benefits and involving active community participation.
Keywords: Health Belief Model (HBM); Household Contact; Receipt of Preventive Therapy; Tuberculosis.
Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global, Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua setelah India dengan estimasi 1,060.000 kasus, namun baru 820,789 kasus yang terlaporkan, hal ini berisiko menularkan, termasuk risiko Infectious Latent Tuberculosis (ILTB). WHO merekomendasikan Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) untuk mencegah ILTB, namun capaian TPT di Indonesia masih rendah, hanya 2.6% pada tahun 2023, jauh dari target 68%.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis prediksi penerimaan terapi pencegahan tuberkulosis pada kontak serumah dengan pendekatan health belief model (HBM).
Metode: Desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional, melibatkan 308 responden dari sembilan puskesmas. Variabel dependen adalah penerimaan TPT, sedangkan variabel independen meliputi persepsi kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan, dan isyarat untuk bertindak. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji chi-square, dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik
Hasil: Rerata usia 38.21 tahun, sebagian besar perempuan (50.3%), berpendidikan SMA (23.1%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan semua variabel memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan penerimaan TPT (p-value < 0.001), dengan OR berturut-turut: kerentanan 7,347 (4.367–12.363), keparahan 7.796 (4.597–13.222), manfaat 7.197 (4.293–12.065), hambatan 5.684 (3.427–9.429), dan isyarat bertindak 6.266 (3.732–10.519). Analisis regresi logistik mengidentifikasi persepsi manfaat TPT sebagai faktor dominan dengan OR 3.208 (95% CI: 1.762–5.842).
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan, dan isyarat untuk bertindak dengan penerimaan TPT. Dengan variable manfaat TPT sebagai faktor dominan yang memengaruhi.
Saran: Meningkatkan kampanye dan edukasi TPT melalui berbagai media, dengan penekanan pada penguatan keyakinan manfaat serta melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat secara aktif.
Kata Kunci: Health Belief Model (HBM); Kontak Serumah; Penerimaan Terapi Pencegahan; Tuberkulosis.
Downloads
References
Adepoju, V. A., Adelekan, A., Etuk, V., Onoh, M., & Olofinbiyi, B. (2022). How Do Private Providers Unaffiliated With the Nigeria National TB Program Diagnose and Treat Drug-Susceptible TB Patients? A Cross-Sectional Study. Global Health: Science and Practice, 10(6).
Anggraini, V. (2024). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Tentang Terapi Pencegahan Tuberkulosis (Tpt) Dengan Pemberian Terapi Pencegahan Tuberkulosis (Tpt) Pada Keluarga Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedondong Tahun 2024 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu).
Azizi, N., Karimy, M., & Salahshour, V. N. (2018). Determinants of adherence to tuberculosis treatment in Iranian patients: Application of health belief model. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 12(09), 706-711.
Chen, X., Du, L., Wu, R., Xu, J., Ji, H., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, L. (2020). The effects of family, society and national policy support on treatment adherence among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC infectious diseases, 20, 1-11.
Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinoni, A., Jiang, W. C., Wang, C. B., & Bernardini, S. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 57(6), 365-388.
Dye, C., Glaziou, P., Floyd, K., & Raviglione, M. (2013). Prospects for tuberculosis elimination. Annual review of public health, 34(1), 271-286.
Fox, G. J., Nguyen, T. A., Coleman, M., Trajman, A., Velen, K., & Marais, B. J. (2021). Implementing tuberculosis preventive treatment in high-prevalence settings. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 113, S13-S15.
Glanz, K., & Bishop, D. B. (2010). The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions. Annual review of public health, 31(1), 399-418.
Ismail, A., & Josephat, P. (2014). Knowledge and perception on tuberculosis transmission in Tanzania: Multinomial logistic regression analysis of secondary data. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 16(1).
Parwati, N. M., Bakta, I. M., Januraga, P. P., & Wirawan, I. M. A. (2021). A health belief model-based motivational interviewing for medication adherence and treatment success in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(24), 13238.
Pradipta, I. S., Idrus, L. R., Probandari, A., Lestari, B. W., Diantini, A., Alffenaar, J. W. C., & Hak, E. (2021). Barriers and strategies to successful tuberculosis treatment in a high-burden tuberculosis setting: a qualitative study from the patient’s perspective. BMC Public Health, 21, 1-12.
Puspitasari, I. M., Sinuraya, R. K., Aminudin, A. N., & Kamilah, R. R. (2022). Knowledge, attitudes, and preventative behavior toward tuberculosis in university students in Indonesia. Infection and Drug Resistance, 4721-4733.
Ren, J., Huang, F., Chen, H., Zhang, H., Sun, J., Zhao, A., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis preventive treatment: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 37(11), 1303-1309.
Rizqiya, R. N. (2021). Hubungan Stigma Masyarakat Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Tb Paru Di Puskesmas Puhjarak Kecamatan Plemahan Kabupaten Kediri. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, 17(1), 66-76.
Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (2018). Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health education quarterly, 15(2), 175-183.
Shihora, J., Damor, N. C., Parmar, A., Pankaj, N., & Murugan, Y. (2024). Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding tuberculosis among healthcare workers and patients in India: A mixed-method study. Cureus, 16(3).
Shihora, J., Damor, N. C., Parmar, A., Pankaj, N., & Murugan, Y. (2024). Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding tuberculosis among healthcare workers and patients in India: A mixed-method study. Cureus, 16(3).
Solanki, N., Sharma, P., Rupani, M. P., & Goswami, B. (2022). “I lost my faith and stopped taking the medicines”–need for an intervention model based on health belief constructs for improving adherence to tuberculosis treatment. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(6), 3006-3012.
Trent, M. J., Salmon, D. A., & MacIntyre, C. R. (2021). Using the health belief model to identify barriers to seasonal influenza vaccination among Australian adults in 2019. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 15(5), 678-687.
Yuan, Y., Jin, J., Bi, X., Geng, H., Li, S., & Zhou, C. (2023). Factors associated with refusal of preventive therapy after initial willingness to accept treatment among college students with latent tuberculosis infection in Shandong, China. BMC Infectious Diseases, 23(1), 38.
Yulianti, E., Agusthia, M., & Noer, R. M. (2022). Hubungan Self-Efficacy dan Cues to Action dengan Perilaku Loss to Follow Up pada Pasien HIV/AIDS dengan Terapi ARV. Initium Medica Journal, 2(3), 113-123.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
