Faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan

Tri Sunarsih; Endah Puji Astuti; Elvika Fit Ari Shanti

doi:10.33024/hjk.v19i6.943

Authors

Tri Sunarsih Prodi Kebidanan, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Endah Puji Astuti Prodi Kebidanan, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Elvika Fit Ari Shanti Prodi Kebidanan, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Akses Dukungan Sosial Kebijakan Pemerintah Layanan Kesehatan

Abstract

Background: Equitable access to health services is a crucial factor in improving public welfare. However, obstacles remain in the distribution of health services, especially for marginalized groups and communities in remote areas.

Purpose: To analyze factors contributing to access to health services.

Method: Quantitative research using a multiple regression analysis approach was used to analyze the influence of government policies and regulations, as well as social support, on access to health services. Data were collected through questionnaires from mothers of toddlers in Ngalang Village, Gunungkidul, using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation), and multiple regression. F-tests, t-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²) were used to test the significance of the influence and the ability of the independent variables to explain the dependent variable.

Results: Government policies and social support significantly influence access to health services, with a significance value of 0.000 and a variable contribution of 58.2%.

Conclusion: A combination of effective policies and strong social support can improve public access to health services. Therefore, more adaptive policies and collaboration between the government, communities, and the private sector are needed to support a more inclusive and sustainable health system.

Suggestion: The government needs to develop more adaptive policies based on community needs and optimize the health care administration system to make it more efficient and accessible. Increasing the number of medical personnel and developing health care infrastructure, especially in underdeveloped areas, must be a top priority to ensure equitable and quality health care.

Keywords: Access; Government Policy; Health Services; Social Support.

Pendahuluan: Akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang merata merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, masih terdapat tantangan dalam pemerataan layanan kesehatan, terutama bagi kelompok marginal dan masyarakat di daerah terpencil.

Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan.

Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan analisis regresi berganda untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan dan regulasi pemerintah serta dukungan sosial terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dari ibu yang memiliki anak usia dini di Desa Ngalang, Gunungkidul, dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik (normalitas, multikolinearitas, heteroskedastisitas, autokorelasi), serta regresi berganda. Uji F, uji t, dan koefisien determinasi (R²) digunakan untuk menguji signifikansi pengaruh dan kemampuan variabel independen dalam menjelaskan variabel dependen.

Hasil: Kebijakan pemerintah dan dukungan sosial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan dengan nilai signifikansi 0.000 dan kontribusi variabel sebesar 58.2%.

Simpulan: Kombinasi kebijakan yang efektif dan dukungan sosial yang kuat dapat meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap layanan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan yang lebih adaptif dan kolaborasi antara pemerintah, komunitas, serta sektor swasta dalam mendukung sistem kesehatan yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

Saran: Pemerintah perlu mengembangkan kebijakan yang lebih adaptif dan berbasis kebutuhan masyarakat serta mengoptimalkan sistem administrasi layanan kesehatan agar lebih efisien dan mudah diakses. Peningkatan jumlah tenaga medis dan pengembangan infrastruktur kesehatan, terutama di daerah tertinggal, harus menjadi prioritas utama guna memastikan layanan kesehatan yang merata dan berkualitas

Kata Kunci: Akses; Dukungan Sosial; Kebijakan Pemerintah; Layanan Kesehatan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alemi, S., Nakamura, K., Rahman, M., & Seino, K. (2021). Male participation in antenatal care and its influence on their pregnant partners’ reproductive health care utilization: insight from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey. Journal of Biosocial Science, 53(3), 436-458.

Ali, I., Akhtar, S. N., Chauhan, B. G., Malik, M. A., & Singh, K. D. (2023). Health insurance support on maternal health care: evidence from survey data in India. Journal of Public Health, 45(2), 368-378.

Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social science & medicine, 51(6), 843-857.

Boulton, K. A., Hodge, A., Levu, K., Ong, N., Silove, N., & Guastella, A. J. (2024). Access and barriers to supports for children and caregivers attending public child developmental assessment services: Findings from the Sydney child neurodevelopment research registry. Autism Research, 17(3), 555-567.

Chen, G., Zhang, H., Hu, Y., & Luo, C. (2024). Trust as a catalyst: revealing the impact of government trust and professional trust on public health policy compliance during a pandemic. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 957.

Costa, A. D., Otang, A. S., Djamhari, E. A., Arfandi, H., Harja, I. T., Lauranti, M., Saleh, M. R. M. D., & Thabrany, H. (2018). Mewujudkan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional yang Inklusif. Diakses dari: https://theprakarsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Mewujudkan-Jaminan-Kesehatan-Nasional-JKN-Yang-Inklusif-2018.pdf

Datta, P., Behera, B., & Timsina, J. (2024). Achieving sustainable development through agriculture-forestry-livestock nexus in Bangladesh: Synergies and trade-offs. Agricultural Systems, 215, 103854.

Dewidar, O., John, J., Baqar, A., Madani, M. T., Saad, A., Riddle, A., & Welch, V. (2023). Effectiveness of nutrition counseling for pregnant women in low‐and middle‐income countries to improve maternal and infant behavioral, nutritional, and health outcomes: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 19(4), e1361.

Ferlander, S. (2007). The importance of different forms of social capital for health. Acta sociologica, 50(2), 115-128.

Glover, J., Samir, N., Kaplun, C., Rimes, T., Edwards, K., Schmied, V., & Woolfenden, S. (2021). The effectiveness of place-based interventions in improving development, health and wellbeing outcomes in children aged 0–6 years living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in high-income countries–A systematic review. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 2, 100064.

Goudet, S., Griffiths, P. L., Wainaina, C. W., Macharia, T. N., Wekesah, F. M., Wanjohi, M., & Kimani-Murage, E. (2018). Social value of a nutritional counselling and support program for breastfeeding in urban poor settings, Nairobi. BMC public health, 18(1), 424.

Hernández‐Cordero, S., Pérez‐Escamilla, R., Zambrano, P., Michaud‐Létourneau, I., Lara‐Mejía, V., & Franco‐Lares, B. (2022). Countries' experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes: Comparative case studies analysis. Maternal & child nutrition, 18, e13358.

Kasaye, H., Scarf, V., Sheehy, A., & Baird, K. (2024). Health care providers' perspectives on the mistreatment towards women during maternity care: Do perceptions of the working environment and empathy level matter?. Women and Birth, 37(3), 101601.

Lin, N., Ye, X., & Ensel, W. M. (1999). Social support and depressed mood: A structural analysis. Journal of Health and Social behavior, 344-359.

Luti, I., Hasanbasri, M., & Lazuardi, L. (2012). Kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam meningkatkan sistem rujukan kesehatan daerah kepulauan di kabupaten Lingga Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia: JKKI, 1(1).

Manuk, M. M., Akbar, M. I. A., & Wittiarika, I. D. (2021). Factors Affecting The Delay Of Decision Making To Receive Health Services In Preeclampsia Pregnant Mothers At Rsud Mgr Gabriel Manek Svd Atambua. Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, 5(2), 160-173.

Nkurunungi, G., Lubyayi, L., Versteeg, S. A., Sanya, R. E., Nassuuna, J., Kabagenyi, J., & Elliott, A. M. (2019). Do helminth infections underpin urban‐rural differences in risk factors for allergy‐related outcomes?. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 49(5), 663-676.

Santelli, J. S., Kantor, L. M., Grilo, S. A., Speizer, I. S., Lindberg, L. D., Heitel, J., & Ott, M. A. (2017). Abstinence-only-until-marriage: An updated review of US policies and programs and their impact. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 273-280.

Sapiets, S. J., Hastings, R. P., Stanford, C., & Totsika, V. (2023). Families’ access to early intervention and supports for children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Early Intervention, 45(2), 103-121.

Saputri, N. S., & Murniati, S. (2022). Kajian Dampak Bantuan Iuran Program Jaminan Kesehatan pada Masyarakat Miskin dan Tidak Mampu. LAPORAN PENELITIAN SMERU.

World Health Organization. (2022). World Health Statistics 2022 (Monitoring health of the SDGs). Diakses dari: http://apps.who.int/bookorders.

Yang, F., & Jiang, Y. (2020). Heterogeneous influences of social support on physical and mental health: evidence from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6838.

Yuniastuti, A. (2019). Nutrisi Mikromineral dan Kesehatan. Diakses dari: http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_sistem_pembetungan_terpusat_strategi_melestari