Latihan pernapasan untuk meningkatkan saturasi oksigen pada anak dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah: A scoping review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i3.796
Anak Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Bawah Latihan Pernapasan Saturasi Oksigen
Abstract
Background: Lower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Prompt and effective management is essential to improve child health outcomes. Breathing exercises have been identified as an intervention that can help improve oxygen saturation in children with respiratory distress. However, a deeper understanding of the effectiveness and application of breathing exercises in the context of lower respiratory tract infections remains to be improved.
Purpose: To explore and analyze breathing exercises to improve oxygen saturation in children with lower respiratory tract infections.
Method: Research scope reviews using Prisma-ScR guidelines. Research leveling and article feasibility criteria using the population, concepts, and context (PCC) approaches with sources taken from the pubmed database, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keyword used is “Breathing Exercise OR Respiratory Muscle Training AND Children OR Child OR Pediatric OR Childhood AND Oxygen Saturation OR Oxygen Level OR SpO2“.
Results: This review identified that breathing exercise interventions, such as balloon blowing, Hoberman Spheres, and modified pursed lip breathing, significantly improved oxygen saturation and respiratory function in children with lower respiratory tract infections. Key findings included decreased breathing difficulty, increased compliance through play-based methods, and clinically significant improvements in respiratory parameters over 3–10 days of intervention. Strategies to optimize outcomes include a structured, play-based approach, frequent short-duration exercises, and integration into routine pediatric care.
Conclusion: Game-based breathing exercises have proven effective in increasing oxygen saturation and various respiratory parameters in children with respiratory problems. Every technique mimics the specific advantages, and the right application can be an optimal result for the child's population.
Keywords: Children; Breathing Exercises; Lower Respiratory Tract Infection; Oxygen Saturation.
Pendahuluan: Infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Penanganan yang cepat dan efektif sangat penting untuk meningkatkan hasil kesehatan pediatrik. Latihan pernapasan telah diidentifikasi sebagai intervensi yang dapat membantu meningkatkan saturasi oksigen pada anak-anak yang mengalami kesulitan bernapas. Namun, pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai efektivitas dan penerapan latihan pernapasan dalam konteks infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah masih perlu ditingkatkan.
Tujuan: Untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis latihan pernapasan untuk meningkatkan saturasi oksigen pada anak dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah.
Metode: Penelitian scoping review menggunakan panduan PRISMA-ScR. Pertanyaan penelitian dan kriteria kelayakan artikel menggunakan pendekatan population, concept, dan context (PCC) dengan sumber literatur diambil dari database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah “Breathing Exercise OR Respiratory Muscle Training AND Children OR Child OR Pediatric OR Childhood AND Oxygen Saturation OR Oxygen Level OR SpO2 “.
Hasil: Tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi bahwa intervensi latihan pernapasan, seperti meniup balon, Hoberman Sphere, dan pernapasan bibir menyempit yang dimodifikasi, secara signifikan meningkatkan saturasi oksigen dan fungsi pernapasan pada anak-anak dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah. Temuan kunci meliputi penurunan kesulitan bernapas, peningkatan kepatuhan melalui metode berbasis permainan, dan perbaikan klinis yang signifikan dalam parameter pernapasan selama 3–10 hari intervensi. Strategi untuk mengoptimalkan hasil mencakup pendekatan berbasis permainan yang terstruktur, latihan durasi pendek yang sering, serta integrasi ke dalam perawatan pediatrik rutin.
Simpulan: Latihan pernapasan berbasis permainan terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan saturasi oksigen dan berbagai parameter pernapasan pada anak-anak dengan gangguan pernapasan. Setiap teknik memiliki kelebihan spesifik, dan penerapan yang tepat dapat memberikan hasil yang optimal bagi populasi pediatrik
Kata Kunci: Anak; Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Bawah; Latihan Pernapasan; Saturasi Oksigen.
Downloads
References
Beautily, V., & Rishikesh, M. (2022). A study to assess the effectiveness of breathing exercises using Hoberman Sphere on respiratory efficacy among post operative children aged between 6-12 years in selected hospital. Cardiometry, 25,204-207.
Chaves, G. S., Freitas, D. A., Santino, T. A., Nogueira, P. A. M., Fregonezi, G. A., & Mendonca, K. M. (2019). Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1).
Choube, A., Kumar, B., Mahmood, S. E., & Srivastava, A. (2014). Potential risk factors contributing to acute respiratory infections in under five age group children. Int J Med Sci Public Health, 3(11), 1385-1388.
Dean, P., & Florin, T. A. (2018). Factors associated with pneumonia severity in children: a systematic review. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 7(4), 323-334.
Finch, L., Frankel, D., Gallant, B., Landa, C., Snyder, N., Wilson, R., & Oliveira, A. (2022). Occupational therapy in pulmonary rehabilitation programs: A scoping review. Respiratory Medicine, 199, 106881.
Grimwood, K., & Chang, A. B. (2015). Long-term effects of pneumonia in young children. Pneumonia, 6(1), 101-114.
Helena, D. F., Nurhayati, S., & Khotimah, N. I. H. H. (2023). Effectiveness of nebulization therapy with chest physiotherapy after nebulization on airway clearance in children with bronchopneumonia. International Journal of Global Operations Research, 4 (2), 74-78.
Hilta, J., & Mary, A. J. K. (2018). Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises as a Play Way Method in Terms ofImproving Clinical Parameters of Pneumonia among Children. RGUHS Journal of Nursing Sciences, 8(1).
Kharvi, A., Shanthi, S., & Saji, A. (2021). Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises as a Play-way Method after Nebulisation vs Conventional Nebulisation on Respiratory Parameters among Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection-A Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 15(11).
Kırkan, Ç., & Kahraman, A. (2023). Effect of therapeutic play using a toy nebulizer and toy mask on a child's fear and anxiety levels. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 73, e556-e562.
Lata, K. L. (2023). Balloon-Blowing Exercises: Best Remedies for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. International Journal of Nursing Research, 111-116.
Lestari, M. P. L., Wanda, D., & Nurhaeni, N. (2019). The effects of modified pursed lips breathing on oxygenation status in children. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 42(sup1), 1-8.
Lestari, N. E., Nurhaeni, N., & Chodidjah, S. (2018). The combination of nebulization and chest physiotherapy improved respiratory status in children with pneumonia. Enfermeria Clinica, 28, 19-22.
Liu, M. C., & Chou, F. H. (2021). Play effects on hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection: an experimental design study. Biological research for nursing, 23(3), 430-441.
Louman, S., van Stralen, K. J., Pijnenburg, M. W., Koppelman, G. H., & Boehmer, A. L. (2023). Oxygen saturation targets for children with respiratory distress: a systematic review. ERJ Open Research, 9(5).
Macêdo, T. M., Freitas, D. A., Chaves, G. S., Holloway, E. A., & Mendonça, K. M. (2016). Breathing exercises for children with asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).
Padmaja, D., & Gomathi, S. (2020). Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises on Lower Respiratory Tract Infections among School Children at Tertiary Hospitals, Guntur Distri. Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 4(1), 90-95. https://www.actascientific.com/ASMS/pdf/ASMS-04-0502.pdf
Peterson, J., Pearce, P. F., Ferguson, L. A., & Langford, C. A. (2017). Understanding scoping reviews: Definition, purpose, and process. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(1), 12-16.
Shally, K. Y., & Kaur, P. (2017). Effectiveness of breathing exercises as therapeutic play on respiratory status among children undergoing nebulization therapy with lower respiratory tract disorders. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(11), 101-107.
Sumartini, S., Somantri, B., Suparto, T. A., Andriyani, S., & Salasa, S. (2020). The Effect of Playing Blowing Balloon Therapy to Changes in Lung Function in Preschool Children (3–5 Years Old) with Asthma. In 4th International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2019) (pp. 238-241). Atlantis Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
