Efek mobilisasi dini pada peningkatan fungsi fisik pasien post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): A systematic literature review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i1.791
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Early Mobilization Fungsi Fisik
Abstract
Background: Heart surgery or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is one of the interventions of choice for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease that aims to minimize symptoms and optimize heart function. CABG is not without complications, complications caused by surgical procedures include physiological changes. Conditions during hospitalization due to immobilization cause loss of strength and muscle mass, decreased functional capacity, and decreased physical condition, so early mobilization of patients in the postoperative period of heart surgery who are treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Purpose: To determine the implementation of early mobilization in improving the physical function of patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
Method: A systematic literature review study using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reference and literature searches originating from databases including; Published, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journal. Then 6 literatures were found which were processed and presented in tabulated form.
Results: Based on a review of the 6 included literatures, it showed a significant positive effect of early mobilization and no adverse events occurred during early mobilization after heart surgery. The benefits of early mobilization can prevent and reduce the risk of post-CABG surgery complications, accelerate the recovery of functional walking capacity and have a positive impact on the length of stay, thereby reducing patient care costs.
Conclusion: Early mobilization can prevent and reduce post-CABG complications, accelerate the recovery of functional walking capacity, have a positive impact on the length of stay, and thus reduce the cost of care.
Suggestion: Nurses should also assess potential barriers to early mobilization, such as patient resistance, lack of motivation, anxiety, and postoperative pain because these factors can negatively impact patient cooperation. In addition, early movement after CABG can be combined with breathing exercises and psychoeducation to improve recovery outcomes.
Keywords: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG); Early Mobilization; Physical Function.
Pendahuluan: Bedah jantung atau Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) adalah salah satu intervensi pilihan untuk tatalaksana pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular yang bertujuan meminimalkan gejala dan mengoptimalkan fungsi jantung. Tindakan CABG dilakukan tidak tanpa komplikasi, komplikasi yang diakibatkan oleh prosedur bedah salah satunya yaitu perubahan fisiologis. Kondisi selama rawat inap karena imobilisasi, menyebabkan kehilangan kekuatan dan massa otot, penurunan kapasitas fungsional, dan penurunan kondisi fisik, sehingga sangat diperlukan mobilisasi dini pasien dalam periode pasca operasi bedah jantung yang dirawat di unit perawatan intensif (ICU).
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui implementasi dari mobilisasi dini pada peningkatan fungsi fisik pasien post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
Metode: Penelitian systematic literature review menggunakan acuan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) dan pencarian literatur berasal dari database antara lain; Pubmed, ScienceDirect, dan SAGE Journal. Kemudian ditemukan 6 literatur yang diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi.
Hasil: Berdasarkan review dari 6 literature yang disertakan menunjukkan efek positif yang signifikan dari mobilisasi dini dan tidak ada kejadian buruk yang terjadi selama mobilisasi dini pasca bedah jantung. Manfaat dari mobilisasi dini dapat mencegah dan mengurangi risiko komplikasi pasca operasi CABG, mempercepat pemulihan kapasitas berjalan fungsional, dan berdampak positif dalam lama perawatan, sehingga mengurangi biaya perawatan pasien.
Simpulan: Mobilisasi dini dapat mencegah dan mengurangi risiko komplikasi pasca operasi CABG, mempercepat pemulihan kapasitas berjalan fungsional, berdampak positif dalam lama perawatan, sehingga mengurangi biaya perawatan.
Saran: Perawat juga harus menilai potensi hambatan terhadap mobilisasi dini, seperti penolakan pasien, kurangnya motivasi, kecemasan, dan nyeri pasca operasi karena faktor-faktor ini dapat berdampak negatif pada kerja sama pasien. Selain itu, mobilisasi dini setelah CABG dapat dikombinasikan dengan latihan pernapasan dan psikoedukasi untuk meningkatkan hasil pemulihan.
Kata Kunci: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG); Early Mobilization; Fungsi Fisik.
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References
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