Kearifan lokal dalam upaya pencegahan kejadian stunting: Telaah sistematis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i1.763
Balita Kearifan Lokal Nutrisi Stunting
Abstract
Background: Improving nutrition in communities with diverse cultures can be done in various ways, namely understanding the community's cultural beliefs regarding food and health, recognizing food consumption practices that contribute to cultural identity, recognizing the nutritional types of certain ethnic foods and strengthening positive ethnic nutrition.
Purpose: To determine the influence of the application of local wisdom in efforts to prevent stunting.
Method: This study is a systematic review with a literature search using 4 databases, namely Pubmed, Proquest, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Based on systematic identification and review, 8 research articles were obtained, including 3 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) articles, 2 Quasi-experimental articles, 1 case control article, 1 cohort prospective study article and 1 cross sectional article. The studies were reviewed and assessed for risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) form.
Results: Interventions based on local wisdom can improve nutrition in children and prevent stunting. The approach used using local wisdom increases access to protein sources for families, empowering women in making decisions regarding child nutrition. In many cultures, women are the main decision makers regarding family food and health, so empowering women can change food consumption patterns in the household. Providing nutrition promotions and providing interventions through short messages using local languages can also provide positive results in the problem of stunting.
Conclusion: Local wisdom has great potential in handling stunting through nutritional knowledge, sustainable agricultural practices, women's empowerment and providing health promotion based on local languages.
Suggestion: Stunting prevention through local wisdom approach can be done by empowering women, both through training and decision making. Prevention of stunting problems should be done with culture-based interventions to change the stigma of society.
Keywords: Local Wisdom; Nutrition; Stunting; Toddlers.
Pendahuluan: Peningkatan gizi pada komunitas dengan budaya yang beragam dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara yaitu memahami keyakinan budaya komunitas tersebut terkait makanan dan kesehatan, mengenali praktik konsumsi makanan yang berkontribusi terhadap identitas budaya, mengenali jenis gizi makanan etnis tertentu serta memperkuat nutrisi etnis yang positif.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan kearifan lokal dalam upaya pencegahan kejadian stunting.
Metode: Penelitian telaah sistematis dengan pencarian literatur menggunakan 4 database, yaitu Pubmed, Proquest, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus. Berdasarkan identifikasi dan penelaahan sistematis didapatkan 8 artikel yang meliputi: 3 artikel Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT), 2 artikel Quasi-eksperimental, 1 artikel case control, 1 artikel cohort prospektif study, dan 1 artikel cross sectional. Studi ditelaah dan dinilai risiko biasnya menggunakan formulir Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).
Hasil: Intervensi berbasis kearifan lokal dapat meningkatkan nutrisi pada anak dan mencegah kejadian stunting. Selain itu, meningkatkan akses terhadap sumber protein bagi keluarga dan memberdayakan perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait gizi anak. Dalam banyak budaya, perempuan adalah pengambilan keputusan utama terkait makanan dan kesehatan keluarga, maka dengan pemberdayaan perempuan dapat mengubah pola konsumsi makanan di rumah tangga. Pemberian promosi nutrisi dan pemberian intervensi melalui pesan singkat dengan menggunakan bahasa lokal juga dapat memberikan hasil yang positif dalam menurunkan permasalahan stunting.
Simpulan: Kearifan lokal memiliki potensi besar dalam penanganan stunting melalui pengetahuan gizi, praktik pertanian berkelanjutan, pemberdayaan perempuan serta pemberian promosi kesehatan berdasarkan bahasa lokal.
Saran: Pencegahan stunting melalui pendekatan kearifan lokal dapat dilakukan dengan pemberdayaan perempuan, baik melalui pelatihan maupun pengambilan keputusan. Sebaiknya pencegahan masalah stunting dilakukan dengan intervensi yang berbasis budaya untuk mengubah stigma masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Balita; Kearifan Lokal; Nutrisi; Stunting.
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