Gambaran risiko malnutrisi pada anak kanker di Yayasan Rumah Pejuang Kanker Ambu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i12.704
Anak Kanker Malnutrisi
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of pediatric cancer in Indonesia reaches 1.49% of the total cancer cases in Indonesia. Cancer therapy carried out by children with cancer can improve survival in patients, but the side effects caused can lead to increased risk and incidence of malnutrition in cancer patients. The risk of malnutrition is the potential for individuals to experience nutritional deficiencies or excesses.
Purpose: To identify risk of malnutrition in cancer children.
Method: Quantitative descriptive research, conducted at the Ambu Cancer Fighters House Foundation in November-December 2024. The sampling technique used total sampling with a sample size of 48 respondents. The independent variable in this study is cancer patients, while the dependent variable is the risk of malnutrition. Data analysis used univariate in the form of frequency distribution.
Results: Most respondents were male (64.6%), had cancer for more than 6 months (84.4%), and were diagnosed with leukemia (77.1%). The majority of children at risk of severe malnutrition were aged 1-4 years (62.5%) and 10-12 years (62.5%), with a higher proportion of males (64.1%). The most common type of cancer in children at risk of severe malnutrition was leukemia (54%), while 4 children (57.1%) had cancer for less than 6 months.
Conclusion: Children with cancer aged 1-12 years are at high risk of malnutrition, with many children showing weight loss in the past month, emaciation, and symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite in the past week.
Keywords: Cancer; Children; Malnutrition.
Pendahuluan: Prevalensi kanker anak di Indonesia mencapai 1.49% dari jumlah kasus kanker di Indonesia. Terapi kanker yang dijalankan oleh anak dengan kanker dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup pada pasien, akan tetapi efek samping yang ditimbulkan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko dan kejadian malnutrisi pada pasien kanker. Risiko malnutrisi merupakan potensi individu mengalami kekurangan atau kelebihan nutrisi.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran risiko malnutrisi pada anak yang mengalami kanker.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, dilaksanakan di Yayasan Rumah Pejuang Kanker Ambu pada bulan November-Desember 2024. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 48 responden. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita kanker, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah risiko malnutrisi. Analisis data yang digunakan univariate dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi.
Hasil: Sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki (64.6%), menderita kanker lebih dari 6 bulan (84.4%), serta didiagnosis leukemia (77.1%). Mayoritas anak dengan risiko malnutrisi berat berusia 1–4 tahun (62.5%) dan 10–12 tahun (62.5%), dengan proporsi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (64.1%). Jenis kanker yang paling sering ditemukan pada anak dengan risiko malnutrisi berat adalah leukemia (54%), sementara anak yang menderita kanker kurang dari 6 bulan berjumlah 4 anak (57.1%).
Simpulan: Anak penderita kanker usia 1-12 tahun berisiko tinggi mengalami malnutrisi, banyak anak mengalami penurunan berat badan dalam satu bulan terakhir, kondisi kurus, serta gejala seperti diare, mual, muntah, dan penurunan nafsu makan dalam seminggu terakhir.
Kata Kunci: Anak; Kanker; Malnutrisi.
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