Pengaruh edukasi motivational interviewing terhadap efikasi, pengetahuan, perubahan perilaku pada masalah kesehatan anak: Tinjauan sistematik
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i11.634
Anak Edukasi Efikasi Motivational Interviewing (MI) Pengetahuan
Abstract
Background: The implementation of child care education will be different from adult care education. This is because children are not miniature adults. However, the role of child care cannot be separated from the involvement of parents or families. Motivational interviewing (MI) educational interventions have been suggested to improve efficacy, knowledge, and health behavior change in pediatric patients. Psychological approaches such as Motivational Interviewing (MI) have emerged as a promising alternative to overcome these limitations, with the aim of creating more sustainable behavior change in the context of health.
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based education on efficacy, knowledge, and behavioral change in children.
Method: A systematic literature review study using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the PICOS approach. The keywords used were, "motivation" OR "self-efficacy" OR "knowledge" OR "behavior change" AND "pediatric" OR "pediatrics" AND "motivational interviewing" OR "directive counseling". Identified 6 articles related to the impact of motivational interviewing (MI)-based education on efficacy, knowledge, and behavioral change in children.
Results: Showed that MI intervention has a positive impact on self-efficacy, increased knowledge, and behavioral change in children with various health conditions, such as obesity, asthma, dental caries, and alcohol dependence. Conclusion: Although the results showed significant improvements in various parameters, differences in the level of effectiveness between studies indicate the need for a more specific approach to the target population and certain health problems.
Suggestion: Further research with a more targeted and specific focus is needed to provide more comprehensive results and support the development of future MI-based interventions.
Keywords: Children; Education; Efficacy; Knowledge; Motivational Interviewing (MI).
Pendahuluan: Pelaksanaan edukasi perawatan anak akan berbeda dengan edukasi perawatan dewasa. Hal ini dikarenakan anak-anak bukanlah miniatur orang dewasa. Meskipun demikian, peran perawatan anak tidak lepas dari keterlibatan orang tua atau keluarga. Intervensi edukasi wawancara motivasi (MI) telah disarankan untuk meningkatkan efikasi, pengetahuan, dan perubahan perilaku kesehatan pada pasien anak. Pendekatan psikologis seperti Motivational Interviewing (MI) telah muncul sebagai alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk mengatasi keterbatasn ini, dengan tujuan menciptakan perubahan perilaku yang lebih berkelanjutan dalam konteks kesehatan.
Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi dampak edukasi berbasis Motivational Interviewing (MI) terhadap efikasi, pengetahuan, dan perubahan perilaku pada anak.
Metode: Penelitian sistematik literature review menggunakan panduan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) dan pendekatan PICOS. Kata kunci yang digunakan yakni, “motivation” OR “self efficacy” OR “knowledge” OR “behavior change” AND “pediatric” OR “pediatrics” AND “motivational interviewing” OR “directive counselling”. Mengidentifikasi 6 artikel yang berkaitan dengan dampak edukasi berbasis motivational interviewing (MI) terhadap efikasi, pengetahuan, dan perubahan perilaku pada anak.
Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa intervensi MI memberikan dampak positif terhadap efikasi diri, peningkatan pengetahuan, dan perubahan perilaku pada anak-anak dengan berbagai kondisi kesehatan, seperti obesitas, asma, karies gigi, dan ketergantungan alkohol.
Simpulan: Meskipun hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam berbagai parameter, perbedaan tingkat efektivitas antara penelitian mencerminkan perlunya pendekatan yang lebih spesifik terhadap populasi target dan masalah kesehatan tertentu.
Saran: Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan fokus yang lebih terarah dan spesifik diperlukan untuk memberikan hasil yang lebih komprehensif dan mendukung pengembangan intervensi berbasis MI di masa depan.
Kata Kunci: Anak; Edukasi; Efikasi; Motivational Interviewing (MI); Pengetahuan.
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