Hubungan kadar zinc serum dengan fungsi kognitif dalam aspek molekuler pada lanjut usia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i11.605
Fungsi Kognitif Lanjut Usia Zinc Serum
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of cognitive impairment worldwide, namely mild cognitive impairment over 60 years is around 42%. Cognitive impairment is usually associated with decreased neuronal apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, decreased myelinated neurons, and thinner brain volume and cerebral cortex. With increasing age, the number of brain neuronal stem cells decreases which stimulates more calcium ions to enter neurons to protect neurons and activate cognitive function. Food intake affects brain function, including zinc which is abundant in the brain, especially the hippocampus and amygdala, so early detection of serum zinc levels is needed.
Purpose: To determine the relationship between serum zinc levels and cognitive function molecularly in the elderly.
Method: Quantitative research with a cross-sectional design, conducted in August - September 2024 at the Tresna Wredha rest home in Bengkulu City. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 60 participants. The independent variable in this study is zinc levels, while the dependent variable is cognitive function in the elderly. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate, statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The average age of the participants was 67.36 years, the majority were female 39 participants (65.0%), had junior high school education 21 participants (35%), and worked as private employees 31 participants (51.7%). The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that serum zinc, hemoglobin, and random blood sugar levels had a significant relationship with cognitive function (p = 0.000) based on MoCA-Ina and BDNF values.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between serum zinc, hemoglobin, and random blood sugar levels with cognitive function in the elderly.
Keywords: Cognitive Function; Elderly; Serum Zinc.
Pendahuluan: Prevalensi gangguan kognitif di seluruh dunia, yaitu gangguan kognitif ringan di atas 60 tahun adalah sekitar 42%. Gangguan kognitif biasanya berhubungan dengan penurunan apoptosis neuron, disfungsi sinaptik, penurunan neuron bermielin, dan volume otak serta korteks serebral yang lebih tipis. Bertambahnya usia, jumlah sel induk neuron otak menurun yang merangsang lebih banyak ion kalsium memasuki neuron untuk melindungi neuron dan mengaktifkan fungsi kognitif. Asupan makanan memengaruhi fungsi otak, termasuk zinc yang banyak terdapat di otak terutama hipokampus dan amigdala, sehingga diperlukan deteksi dini kadar zinc serum.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar zinc serum dengan fungsi kognitif dalam aspek molekuler pada lanjut usia.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, dilaksanakan dari bulan Agustus-September 2024 di panti sosial Tresna Wredha Kota Bengkulu. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 60 partisipan. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar zinc, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat dan bivariat, uji statistik menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U.
Hasil: Usia rata-rata partisipan adalah 67.36 tahun, mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 39 (65.0%), menamatkan pendidikan pada tingkat SMP sebanyak 21 partisipan (35%), dan bekerja sebagai karyawan swasta sebanyak 31 (51.7%). Uji Mann-Whitney U menunjukkan bahwa kadar zinc serum, hemoglobin, dan gula darah sewaktu memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan fungsi kognitif (p = 0.000) berdasarkan nilai MoCA-Ina dan BDNF.
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar zinc serum, hemoglobin, dan gula darah sewaktu dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia.
Kata Kunci: Fungsi Kognitif; Lanjut Usia; Zinc Serum.
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