Faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap kesenjangan akses layanan kesehatan gigi (keterjangkauan, ketersediaan dan asuransi kesehatan): A literature review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i12.595
Asuransi Kesenjangan Keterjangkauan Ketersediaan Sosioekonomi
Abstract
Background: Access to oral healthcare is a crucial component of overall health and well-being. However, significant disparities persist across socioeconomic groups. These disparities in oral healthcare access are not merely reflections of individual choices or preferences but are deeply rooted in socioeconomic factors, particularly affordability, availability, and health insurance coverage.
Purpose: To determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and disparities in oral healthcare access, with a focus on affordability, availability, and health insurance coverage.
Method: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using the BMC Oral Health, PLOS One, and Medline databases. The review and synthesis process followed the PRISMA guidelines. An initial 332 articles were identified, and after a rigorous screening process, 10 articles were included in the final analysis.
Results: Socioeconomic status plays a significant role in influencing access to dental and oral health services. Individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds often face difficulties in obtaining these services. Therefore, it is essential for the government to initiate efforts to address this gap and ensure that access to healthcare services is more equitable.
Conclusion: Socioeconomic status plays a significant role in oral healthcare disparities. Government interventions are needed to address these disparities, either by improving the overall socioeconomic conditions of disadvantaged populations or by ensuring equitable access to oral healthcare services.
Keywords: Affordability; Availability; Disparities; Insurance; Socioeconomic.
Pendahuluan: Akses ke layanan kesehatan gigi merupakan komponen penting dari kesehatan dan kesejahteraan secara keseluruhan, namun kesenjangan yang signifikan tetap nampak dan terjadi di berbagai kelompok sosioekonomi. Kesenjangan dalam akses terhadap layanan kesehatan gigi bukan hanya cerminan dari pilihan atau preferensi individu; namun berakar kuat pada faktor sosial-ekonomi serta berkaitan dengan keterjangkauan, ketersediaan, dan cakupan asuransi kesehatan.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosial ekonomi dengan kesenjangan akses perawatan gigi, dengan fokus pada keterjangkauan, ketersediaan, dan asuransi kesehatan.
Metode: Pencarian artikel dilakukan database BMC Oral, PLOS One, dan PubMed, kemudian proses review dan sintesis dilakukan menggunakan PRISMA. Artikel awal yang ditemukan adalah 332, kemudian 10 artikel disertakan dalam penelitian.
Hasil: Status sosioekonomi berperan penting dalam memengaruhi akses terhadap layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Individu yang berasal dari latar belakang sosioekonomi yang rendah mengalami kesulitan dalam mendapatkan layanan tersebut, sehingga perlu adanya inisiatif dari pemerintah guna mengatasi kesenjangan ini dan memastikan bahwa akses terhadap layanan kesehatan menjadi lebih merata.
Simpulan: Status sosioekonomi menjadi faktor yang berperan penting terhadap terjadinya kesenjangan akses layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Upaya pemerintah diperlukan untuk menjembatani masalah ini, baik dengan melakukan peningkatan kualitas masyarakat ataupun dengan menyamaratakan akses terhadap layanan, khususnya layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
Kata Kunci: Asuransi; Kesenjangan; Keterjangkauan; Ketersediaan; Sosioekonomi.
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