Continuous glucose monitor sebagai alat pemantau glukosa real-time pada pasien diabetes mellitus: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i5.583
Alat Pemantau Glukosa Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitor Pasien Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health problem with a prevalence that continues to increase annually. One of the main strategies to reduce the negative impact of DM is through blood glucose monitoring. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology is a potential tool to improve glycemic control and prevent diabetes complications.
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in monitoring blood glucose levels and to identify the safety and convenience aspects of CGM in the long-term management of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Method: This systematic literature review (SLR) followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data in this study were obtained from scientific journals, conferences, and research reports accessible through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, published within the last five years (2020–2024). Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach.
Results: CGM has been shown to be effective in monitoring blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. This technology provides real-time glucose data, enabling early detection of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, thus supporting faster and more accurate decision-making in diabetes management. Furthermore, CGM contributes to improved glycemic control, significantly helping prevent long-term complications. Research also shows that CGM provides additional benefits for certain patient groups, such as those undergoing intensive insulin therapy or at high risk of glucose fluctuations. In terms of safety and convenience, CGM demonstrates its superiority as a long-term monitoring tool. Safety is assured with minimal risk, while convenience is enhanced by eliminating the need for repeated finger-prick tests. Although some challenges exist, such as skin irritation and inaccuracy under certain conditions, technological innovation continues to improve the user experience.
Conclusion: CGM is effective in monitoring blood glucose levels, improving glycemic control, and providing significant benefits and convenience for patients with diabetes mellitus, although some challenges continue to be addressed through technological innovation.
Keywords: Continuous Glucose Monitor; Diabetes Mellitus Patients; Real-Time Glucose Monitor.
Pendahuluan: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat setiap tahun. Salah satu strategi utama dalam menekan dampak negatif DM adalah dengan melakukan pengelolaan melalui pemantauan kadar glukosa darah. Teknologi continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) menjadi alat yang potensial dalam meningkatkan kontrol glikemik dan mencegah komplikasi diabetes.
Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) dalam memantau kadar glukosa darah dan mengidentifikasi aspek keamanan dan kenyamanan CGM dalam pengelolaan jangka panjang pasien diabetes mellitus.
Metode: Penelitian systematic literature review (SLR) dengan mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari jurnal ilmiah, konferensi, dan laporan penelitian yang dapat diakses melalui database elektronik, seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, diterbitkan dalam 5 tahun terakhir (2020–2024) dan analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif.
Hasil: CGM terbukti efektif dalam memantau kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus. Teknologi ini mampu memberikan data glukosa secara real-time, memungkinkan deteksi dini kondisi hipoglikemia, dan hiperglikemia, sehingga mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang lebih cepat dan akurat dalam pengelolaan diabetes. Selain itu, CGM berkontribusi pada peningkatan kontrol glikemik yang secara signifikan membantu mencegah komplikasi jangka panjang. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa CGM memberikan manfaat tambahan bagi kelompok pasien tertentu, seperti mereka yang menjalani terapi insulin intensif atau memiliki risiko tinggi fluktuasi kadar glukosa. Dari aspek keamanan dan kenyamanan, CGM menunjukkan keunggulan sebagai alat pemantauan jangka panjang. Keamanannya terjamin dengan risiko minimal, sedangkan kenyamanannya meningkat karena mengurangi kebutuhan akan tes tusukan jari yang berulang. Meskipun beberapa kendala, seperti iritasi kulit dan ketidakakuratan pada kondisi tertentu masih ditemukan, inovasi teknologi terus memperbaiki pengalaman pengguna.
Simpulan: CGM efektif dalam memantau kadar glukosa darah, meningkatkan kontrol glikemik, dan memberikan manfaat serta kenyamanan signifikan bagi pasien diabetes mellitus, meskipun terdapat beberapa kendala yang terus diperbaiki melalui inovasi teknologi.
Kata Kunci: Alat Pemantau Glukosa Real-Time; Continuous Glucose Monitor; Pasien Diabetes Mellitus.
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