Konseling kesehatan dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien tuberkulosis resisten obat: A systematic review

Ramlah Ramlah; Amelia Kurniati; Denissa Faradita; Agung Waluyo

doi:10.33024/hjk.v18i11.512

Authors

Ramlah Ramlah Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Indonesia
Amelia Kurniati Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Indonesia
Denissa Faradita Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Indonesia
Agung Waluyo Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Indonesia

Kepatuhan Konseling Kesehatan; Pengobatan Resisten Obat Tuberkulosis

Abstract

Background: One of the challenges of the Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) control program in Indonesia is the significantly increasing incidence of treatment discontinuation. One of the factors that influences the low level of treatment compliance in patients with DRTB is mental health. Health counseling is a psychological intervention that can overcome mental health problems and help improve treatment compliance in patients with DRTB.

Purpose: To provide an overview of whether health counseling interventions are effective in improving treatment compliance in patients with DRTB.

Method: A systematic review was conducted through a search strategy on 4 databases, namely PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane, ScienceDirect with a total of 4,832 articles obtained. The articles were then filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria until 6 articles remained. A total of 6 articles that met the criteria were then subjected to critical appraisal with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist guidelines.

Results: In general, this systematic review shows that health counseling interventions can effectively improve treatment compliance in patients with DRTB.

Conclusion: This review identified that counseling combined with education has been shown to be effective in improving medication adherence in pulmonary TB patients. However, there are still few studies that use counseling as an intervention to improve medication adherence specifically for pulmonary TB patients.

Suggestion: Further research is needed on providing counseling specifically for TB-RO patients as an effort to improve treatment compliance. In addition, further research is needed on counseling interventions with a cultural approach which is expected to vary in each country and will affect the success of the intervention.

Keywords: Compliance; Drug Resistance; Health Counseling; Treatment; Tuberculosis.

Pendahuluan: Salah satu tantangan program pengendalian Tuberculosis Resisten Obat (TB-RO) di Indonesia adalah angka kejadian putus berobat yang meningkat secara signifikan. Adapun salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan yang rendah pada pasien TB-RO yaitu kesehatan mental. Konseling kesehatan merupakan intervensi psikologis yang dapat mengatasi masalah kesehatan mental serta membantu meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien TB-RO.

Tujuan: Untuk memberikan gambaran apakah intervensi konseling kesehatan efektif dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien TB-RO.

Metode: Systematic review yang dilakukan melalui strategi pencarian pada 4 database yaitu PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane, ScienceDirect dengan total artikel yang didapatkan sebanyak 4.832 artikel. Artikel-artikel tersebut kemudian disaring berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi hingga menyisakan 6 artikel. Sebanyak 6 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria kemudian dilakukan critical appraisal dengan pedoman JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist.

Hasil: Secara umum telaah systematic review ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi konseling kesehatan efektif dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien TB-RO.

Simpulan: Tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi bahwa pemberian konseling ditambah dengan pemberian edukasi terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien TB Paru. Namun masih tidak banyak penelitian yang menggunakan konseling sebagai salah satu intervensi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan, khusus dilakukan pada pasien TB-RO.

Saran: Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait pemberian konseling secara khusus pada pasien TB-RO sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan. Selain itu, penelitian lebih lanjut tentang intervensi konseling dengan pendekatan budaya yang diperkirakan akan bervariasi pada setiap negara dan akan memengaruhi keberhasilan intervensi tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Kepatuhan; Konseling Kesehatan; Pengobatan; Resisten Obat; Tuberkulosis.

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