Edukasi Berbasis Teori Health Belief Model Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Pencegahan Risiko Komplikasi Hipertensi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i12.496
Edukasi Health Belief Model Hipertensi Komplikasi Pengetahuan
Abstract
Background : Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that plays a major role as a primary factor in various chronic diseases such as cardio-metabolic and neurodegenerative conditions, which can adversely affect quality of life and life expectancy. The prevalence of hypertension continues to rise both globally and in Indonesia, including in the working area of the Gatak Health Center, which is influenced by low knowledge about the prevention of hypertension complication risks
Purpose : To assess the impact of education based on the health belief model on participants' knowledge regarding hypertension complication risks in the Gatak Health Center area.
Method : This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group, conducted in the Gatak Health Center area. A total of 84 individuals were divided into intervention and control groups. The assessment instrument was a questionnaire using the Guttman scale, and data analysis was performed using the paired sample t-test.
Results : Most participants were female (59.5%), aged 56-65 years (34.5%), had elementary education (45.2%), were housewives (28.6%), and had hypertension for 0-1 year (44%). After the education intervention, knowledge in the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group (P-Value 0.001 vs. 0.529).
Conclusion :. Health education based on the health belief model effectively strengthens understanding of hypertension complication prevention.
Keywords : Education, hypertension, knowledge, health belief model, complications
Pendahuluan : Hipertensi adalah penyakit tidak menular yang berperan sebagai faktor utama berbagai penyakit kronis seperti kardio – metabolic dan neurodegenerative, yang dapat berdampak buruk pada kualitas hidup dan harapan hidup. Prevalensi hipertensi terus meningkat secara global maupun di Indonesia, termasuk di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gatak, yang dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya pengetahuan tentang pencegahan komplikasi.
Tujuan : Mengukur efek dari edukasi yang berlandaskan teori health belief model terhadap peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat tentang risiko komplikasi hipertensi di wilayah pelayanan Puskesmas Gatak
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi-eksperimental dengan desain pretest-posttest dan melibatkan kelompok kontrol. Pelaksanaannya dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gatak. Sebanyak 84 partisipan dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala Guttman sebagai instrumen penilaian. Untuk menganalisis data, digunakan uji paired sample t-tes.
Hasil : Sebagian besar partisipan adalah perempuan (59,5%) dengan usia 56-65 tahun (34,5%), pendidikan SD (45,2%), dan IRT (28,6%) dan menderita hipertensi 0-1 tahun (44%). Setelah diberikan edukasi, pengetahuan kelompok intervensi meningkat lebih signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol ( P-Value 0,001 dengan 0,529)
Simpulan : Model health belief yang digunakan sebagai dasar edukasi kesehatan terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai langkah-langkah pencegahan risiko komplikasi akibat hipertensi.
Kata kunci : Edukasi, hipertensi, pengetahuan, health belief model, komplikasi
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