Gambaran higiene sanitasi kapal, perilaku awak kapal, dan keberadaan kecoa pada kapal penumpang
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i7.3870
Cockroaches Crew Behavior Sanitation and Hygiene Passenger Ships
Abstract
Background: Ships have a high potential to act as vehicles for the inter-regional spread of diseases via humans, animals, or cargo. The high mobility of passenger ships poses a risk of disease transmission through cockroach vectors, driven by gaps in sanitation standard implementation, poor environmental conditions, and crew behaviors that do not prioritize cleanliness.
Purpose: To assess the ship's hygiene and sanitation status, crew behavior, and the presence of cockroaches on passenger ships.
Method: A descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from February to March 2026 at Bitung Ocean Port. A purposive sampling technique was used, involving the inspection of four passenger ships and 28 crew members (with seven respondents representing each ship). Research instruments included a questionnaire, a sanitation inspection checklist, and a checklist for vectors and potential breeding sites.
Results: Inspections of the four ships revealed that the majority (three ships or 75.0%—Ships A, C, and D) met the required standards. Meanwhile, one ship (Ship B, or 25.0%) was categorized as not meeting the applicable environmental health standards for ships. Overall, the majority of crew members demonstrated good behavior (92.9%). However, the presence of cockroaches was still detected on three ships (75.0%), particularly in areas that failed to meet sanitation standards.
Conclusion: The majority of ships met sanitation standards, and crew behavior was generally categorized as good (92.9%). A small proportion of crew members (7.1%) fell into the "fair" behavior category, and no crew members exhibited "poor" behavior. Nevertheless, signs of cockroach presence were still found on three ships (75.0%).
Suggestion: It is recommended to conduct scheduled fogging or insecticide spraying in galley and storage areas every three months and to seal structural gaps that could serve as cockroach harborages.
Keywords: Cockroaches; Crew Behavior; Sanitation and Hygiene; Passenger Ships.
Downloads
References
Asmadi, A., Syafruddin, S., Paulina, P., Ardiansyah, R. T., Tasrun, L, O., & Noviati, N. (2023). Higiene, Sanitasi dan Keselamatan Kerja. CV Eureka Media Aksara.
Dinata, A. (2024). Identifikasi Tikus, Pinjal, Dan Kecoa: Karakteristik, Habitat, dan Metode Identifikasi (Tikus, Pinjal & Kecoa), Serta Pengendalian Lingkungan. Arda Publishing House.
Elfirayanti, F., Azkha, N., & Handiny, F. (2025). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Sanitasi Kapal di Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur Padang. Jurnal Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dan Lingkungan (JK3L), 6(2), 159-166.
Kartiko, H., Cahyani, S., & Saktiawan, Y. (2025). Pengaruh Sanitasi Kapal dan Perilaku Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) Terhadap Keberadaan Vektor Kecoa pada Kapal yang Bersandar di Wilayah Kerja BBKK Surabaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 13(2), 172-186.
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi. (2023). Konsepsi Pembangunan Nasional Menuju Indonesia Pusat Peradaban Maritim Dunia Tahun 2045. Diakses dari: https://www.maritim.go.id/uploads/magazine/20230531100527-2023-05-31magazine100512.pdf
Kurniawan, E., Nuryani, D., & Perdana, A. (2024). Penerapan Sanitasi dan Keberadaan Vektor Pada Kapal Penumpang di Pelabuhan Bakauheni Tahun 2024. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas, 13(3), 181-187.
Maksum, T. S., Tomia, A., & Nurfadillah, A. R. (2024). Entomologi & pengendalian vektor penyakit. Penerbit Tahta Media.
Marhanto, E., & Depu, A. (2022). Sanitation And Temperature Factors Related To Existence Of Cockroach And Rats Vectors On Passenger Ship In Kendari City Port. Indonesian Journal of Health Sciences Research and Development, 4(2), 57-69.
Mathofani, S., Lestari, K. S., & Sulistyorini, L. (2023). Overview of Ship Sanitation At the Port of Ketapang and Tanjung Wangi. J Kesmas Indones, 15(1), 32-48.
Nero, T., Mindiharto, S., Inayah, Z., & Has, D. (2024). Differences in Skipper Leadership Type with Vessel Health Risk Level at Tanjung Perak Harbour Surabaya-East Java. Ahmar Metastasis Health Journal, 3(4), 182-189.
Ningsih, F., Mardalena, T., & Arianti, N. D. (2021). Implementasi Sop Penerbitan Sertifikasi Sanitasi Kapal Pada Kapal Penumpang Di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas Ii Tanjung Balai Karimun. Jurnal Maritim, 2(2), 71-82.
Pinontoan, O., Pangaribuan, M., & Sumampouw, O. (2024). Higiene Sanitasi Industri. Bandung: CV Patra Media Grafindo.
Pinontoan, R. (2023). Pencemaran Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Pitriyanti, L., Reza, M. O., Martias, I., & Gunnara, H. (2025). Gambaran Perilaku Anak Buah Kapal Tentang Higiene Sanitasi Kapal Penumpang di Pelabuhan Harbour Bay Tahun 2024. HOPE (The Journal of Health Promotion and Education), 2(1), 46-50.
Porusia, M., & Darnoto, S. (2019). Pengendalian Vektor Penyakit. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.
Pramularsih, S., Rumkel, N., & Rosyidin, I. (2020). Efektifitas Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Karantina Oleh Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil. The Juris, 4(2), 125-140.
Sofiyan, S., Susanto, H. S., & La Unga, R. (2023). Sanitation and the Presence of Cockroaches on Ships at the Port of Yos Sudarso, Ambon. Health Notions, 7(3), 65-68.
Supardin, S. (2021). Hubungan Kondisi Sanitasi dengan Kepadatan Kecoa pada Kapal di Wilayah Pelabuhan Kendari. Miracle Journal of Public Health, 4(1), 102-112.
Supryatno, A., Alimin, S., & Pertiwi, T. (2022). Gambaran Infestasi Vektor pada Kapal Penumpang dan Kapal Barang yang Sandar di Pelabuhan Bau-Bau. Journal of Baja Health Science, 2(1), 78-84.
Tandayu, P., Sondakh, R., & Joseph, W. (2025). Gambaran Higiene Sanitasi pada Kapal di Pelabuhan Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 6(4), 14800-14808.
Yuliawati, R., Prasetyo, W., Pramaningsih, V., & Rusdi. (2021). Analisis Sanitasi Kapal dengan Tanda Keberadaan Kecoa pada Kapal Penumpang di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas II Samarinda. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 7(1), 1-5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
