Effectiveness and suitability of early detection applications for pregnancy complications: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality from complications during and after pregnancy and childbirth. Most of these complications develop during pregnancy and are largely preventable or treatable. Other complications may be present before pregnancy but worsen during pregnancy, especially if not addressed as part of prenatal care. The main complications causing nearly 75% of all maternal deaths are severe bleeding, infection, high blood pressure during pregnancy, complications related to labor, and unsafe abortion. Antenatal care (ANC) examinations are a good strategy to improve maternal health care in health services. The emergence of early detection applications for pregnancy complications helps management monitor and improve the capacity of midwives and other health workers to better identify and triage women at risk. This can reduce risk factors that cause complications and enable them to detect complications during pregnancy. The role of midwives and other health workers is also crucial in assessing, identifying risk factors, and detecting complications during pregnancy, thereby reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: To identify, evaluate, and synthesize all existing scientific evidence related to the performance and impact of the application systematically.

Method: This study is the literature review design with the PRISMA diagram approach, which is to ensure that the process of identification, selection, evaluation, and synthesis of literature is carried out systematically, transparently, and can be replicated. This study also reviewed the literature related to the early detection of pregnancy complications in health care settings using the PRISMA diagram.

Results: The use of early detection of pregnancy complications in health care settings has many uses in ANC services for pregnant women and also increases the capacity of midwives. The use of digital technology has a significant impact on public health services, and the incorporation of health initiatives into the creation of digital technology has a significant positive impact on society. This application can also help all midwives in the implementation of early detection of pregnancy complications when pregnant women make antenatal care visits in accordance with ANC 10T service standards to health service places such as midwife independent practice places (TPMB), primary clinics, poskesdes, posyandu, health centers, and hospitals.

Conclusion: A limitation of this study is that only 10 articles were selected for review. Nevertheless, these 10 articles support valid conclusions and indicate a need for further, in-depth research, particularly involving AI models. Overall, the use of early detection applications for pregnancy complications can enhance the quality of antenatal care (ANC) services, improve expectant mothers' adherence to routine check-ups, boost their knowledge and attitudes regarding ANC, and reduce maternal and infant mortality. Furthermore, such applications assist healthcare professionals in assessing pregnancy risks and determining accurate diagnoses, thereby enabling the provision of appropriate counseling, care, and midwifery services.

Suggestion: Future researchers are advised to combine various reputable international databases to ensure a richer and more in-depth collection of literature.

Keywords: Antenatal Care; Application; Early Detection of Pregnancy Complications; Pregnant Women.