Kunjungan antenatal care dengan anemia pada ibu hamil: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i7.3683
Anemia Prevention Antenatal Care Hemoglobin Levels Pregnant Women
Abstract
Background: Anemia among pregnant women serves as a serious indicator of malnutrition that increases the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. In Indonesia, the national coverage for K6 antenatal care (ANC) services has only reached 75.64%, falling short of the 95% national target and potentially triggering regional fluctuations in pregnancy anemia rates.
Purpose: To analyze and synthesize recent research regarding the relationship between the frequency of antenatal care visits and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women.
Method: This study was designed as a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the DOAJ, PubMed, and Portal Garuda electronic databases for articles published between 2022 and 2026. Based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles (3 international and 7 domestic) were selected for descriptive-analytical synthesis.
Results: The synthesis of the 10 reviewed articles revealed varying prevalence rates of anemia that share a universal, significant correlation with ANC utilization. In Nigeria and Ghana, initiating ANC late during the second or third trimester triggered an early anemia prevalence of up to 56.3%. Quantitative analyses consistently proved that irregular or non-compliant ANC attendance multiplicatively elevates anemia risk, showing an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of 2.85 (p = 0.003) in Ghana, a p-value of 0.049 in Soppeng, a strong bivariate association (p = 0.008; OR = 11.6) at Betungan Public Health Center, and a dominant, extreme odds ratio (OR) of 24.6 times higher in the Klabang Public Health Center area for mothers who skipped routine check-ups. Routine ANC visits effectively facilitated early hemoglobin screening, optimal iron supplementation adherence, and the elimination of extrinsic factors such as post-meal tea consumption habits.
Conclusion: A low frequency, irregularity, or delay in antenatal care visits is strongly and significantly associated with a heightened risk of anemia incidence in pregnant women. Strengthening integrated nutritional counseling and monitoring routine prenatal checks at the primary care level are highly recommended.
Keywords: Anemia Prevention; Antenatal Care; Hemoglobin Levels; Pregnant Women.
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