Gambaran pengetahuan siswa serta upaya penerapan pencegahan terhadap penyakit obesitas di madrasah x wilayah Jakarta
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i7.3622
Adolescent Obesity Health Education Physical Activity School Health Unit Urban Health
Abstract
Background: Adolescent obesity has emerged as a critical global public health crisis driven by modern urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and the high consumption of ultra-processed foods. In Indonesia, the DKI Jakarta province exhibits the highest prevalence of obesity, necessitating targeted school-based interventions.
Purpose: To explore students' knowledge and evaluate institutional prevention efforts against adolescent obesity.
Method: A qualitative case study design was conducted at a State Islamic Senior High School in South Jakarta. Informants were selected via purposive sampling, comprising a key informant (Principal), main informants (students), an expert informant (nurse from school health unit), and a supporting informant (school health unit’ advisory teacher). Data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews with rigorous probing, validated via source and method triangulation, and analyzed using content analysis.
Results: Five core themes emerged: (1) Health promotion programs ("Healthy Wednesday" and "Nutritious Act") run periodically, though specific obesity-prevention materials remain scarce; (2) Extensive physical activity support is provided through physical education, extracurriculars, and comprehensive sports facilities (stadium, swimming pool, and gym); (3) Nutritional status monitoring via anthropometric screening is carried out annually with local health centers; (4) The school enforces an Eco-school ("Adiwiyata") healthy canteen policy; and (5) Primary implementation challenges stem from persistent student food preferences for junk food and the absence of an explicit, written obesity intervention protocol.
Conclusion: While the school possesses robust structural and programmatic assets for health promotion, there is an urgent need to integrate specialized, written obesity guidelines and continuous personal counseling to translate knowledge into sustained behavioral change.
Keywords: Adolescent Obesity; Health Education; Physical Activity; School Health Unit; Urban Health.
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