Analisis determinan epidemiologi dan program penanggulangan demam berdarah dengue di Dili Timor Leste
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i7.3585
Attitude Children Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Knowledge Preventive Practices
Abstract
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a re-emerging infectious disease that has become a significant public health issue in various countries. Since late 2021, Timor-Leste has experienced a substantial increase in DHF cases compared to previous years. In 2023, 1,953 cases and 13 deaths were reported, while 2024 saw 671 cases and 7 deaths, with the majority occurring in children under the age of 14. Parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices, along with support from health workers and the community, are crucial factors in DHF prevention and control efforts.
Purpose: To determine the characteristics of DHF cases in children, analyze the relationship between specific factors (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) and the occurrence of DHF, and explore the barriers and facilitating factors regarding DHF prevention and control programs in Dili City, Timor-Leste.
Method: A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. The quantitative component utilized a case-control design with an observational analytic approach, conducted in Komoro and Kaikoli villages, Dili City, Timor-Leste, from December 29, 2025, to February 20, 2026. The study sample consisted of 86 respondents, divided into 43 in the intervention group and 43 in the control group. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods. Qualitative research was conducted to explore the perspectives of health workers and the community regarding the implementation of DHF prevention and control programs.
Results: The age distribution of the children showed no significant association with the occurrence of DHF (p=0.278), nor did the level of education (p=0.261). However, occupation was significantly associated with DHF occurrence (p=0.003); children of parents employed as salaried workers had a 4.40 times higher risk of contracting DHF (OR=4.40; 95% CI: 1.54–12.54). Poor knowledge was significantly associated with the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) (p<0.001; OR=4.58; 95% CI=1.77–11.89). Negative attitudes were also significantly associated with DHF incidence (p=0.001; OR=6.61; 95% CI=2.23–19.54). Furthermore, inadequate preventive practices were significantly associated with DHF incidence (p<0.001; OR=4.58; 95% CI=1.76–11.91). Qualitative findings indicated that the success of DHF prevention and control is heavily influenced by the availability of health resources, support from health workers, cross-sectoral collaboration, and active community participation.
Conclusion: Occupation, knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices are significantly associated with the incidence of DHF among children in Dili City, Timor-Leste. Enhancing health education, strengthening community participation, improving environmental sanitation, and fostering sustained collaboration between health workers and the community are essential to support the success of future DHF prevention and control programs.
Keywords: Attitude; Children; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; Knowledge; Preventive Practices.
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