Evaluasi radiologis sarkopenia sebagai prediktor luaran klinis: A systematic review dan meta-analisis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i6.3513
Outcome Predictor Radiological Assessment Sarcopenia
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder characterized by a decline in muscle mass, quality, and strength; the condition is associated with an increased risk of complications, reduced functional capacity, prolonged hospital stays, and higher mortality rates.
Purpose: To objectively assess sarcopenia and evaluate its potential as a predictor of clinical outcomes.
Method: This study employed a literature review design, examining systematic reviews and meta-analyses regarding the use of radiological modalities for sarcopenia assessment. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases with keyword combinations related to sarcopenia, imaging, and radiological assessment. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected based on topic relevance, methodological quality, and alignment with the study objectives. Eight primary articles and six supporting articles were analyzed narratively.
Results: The most frequently used radiological modalities include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). CT is the most widely used method—particularly through the measurement of the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3)—and has been shown to correlate with overall survival, progression-free survival, mortality, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay. Ultrasonography demonstrates potential as a practical screening tool, with parameters such as muscle thickness, cross-sectional area, and echointensity correlating with functional capacity and survival. MRI offers high accuracy in assessing muscle quality, whereas DXA is useful for evaluating muscle mass.
Conclusion: Radiological assessment plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with sarcopenia. CT provides the strongest prognostic evidence, while MRI, ultrasonography, and DXA serve as complementary modalities that support more comprehensive clinical decision-making.
Keywords: Outcome Predictor; Radiological Assessment; Sarcopenia.
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