Pengaruh contrast bath terhadap nyeri pada pasien diabetic neuropathy
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i4.3492
Contrast Bath Diabetic Neuropathy Patients Pain
Abstract
Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that often causes neuropathic pain, impacting participants' quality of life. Pain management requires not only pharmacological therapy but also effective, safe, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological interventions, one of which is contrast bath therapy.
Purpose: To analyze the effect of contrast bath therapy on pain reduction in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The study sample consisted of 66 participants, 33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. This study was conducted at the Bhayangkara Hospital Class II Medan from September 2025 to April 2026. The intervention group received contrast bath therapy, a foot immersion technique involving warm water at 30°C for 3 minutes, followed by cold water immersion at 8–10°C for 1 minute. This was done in 5 cycles, with a total time of approximately 20 minutes. The control group received a 10-minute immersion in fresh water at 25°C. Pain was measured using the 4-question neuropathy instrument (DN4). Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests.
Results: This study showed a significant reduction in pain in the intervention group after contrast bath therapy (p < 0.05). The control group also showed significant changes, but the degree of change was smaller than the intervention group.
Conclusion: Contrast bath therapy is effective in reducing neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy. This therapy can be recommended as a simple, safe, and economical non-pharmacological nursing intervention to help improve the quality of life of patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Suggestion: Future studies should involve a larger sample size and be conducted in different hospitals or healthcare facilities. Furthermore, intervention models that combine contrast baths with educational programs, physical exercise, or other self-management approaches should be developed.
Keywords: Contrast Bath; Diabetic Neuropathy Patients; Pain.
Downloads
References
Akhter, N., Alam, M., Khan, M. R. A., Sharmin, S., Emon, N. U., Siddique, M. A. B., Hossain, K. H., & Rahman, M. A. (2023). Therapeutic potentials of Adenostemma lavenia (L.) O. Kuntze evidenced into an array of pharmacological effects and ligand-receptor interactions. Heliyon, 9(4).
Bashir, S., Jamil, A., & Ali, S. (2025). Effects of vibration therapy with routine physical therapy on pain, balance, and functional disability in diabetic neuropathy patients: A randomised controlled trial. JPMA, 75(534).
Chang, M. C., & Yang, S. (2023). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy essentials: a narrative review. Annals of palliative medicine, 12(2), 39098-39398.
García-Del-Río, S. L., Valdez-Gonzalez, A. L., Gómez-Díaz, R. A., Reyes-Morales, H., Ruiz-Martínez, M. L., Aburto, V. H. B., & Wacher, N. H. (2026). Association of Dietary Patterns in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microvascular Complications. Archives of Medical Research, 57(3), 103381.
García-Domínguez, M. (2024). Enkephalins and pain modulation: mechanisms of action and therapeutic perspectives. Biomolecules, 14(8), 926.
Gowtham, S., Vm, A. E., Thozhanenjan, I., Nikhil, C. M., & Narayanan, K. (2025). Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its associated risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. Cureus, 17(5).
Huang, H. Y., Lin, Y. P., Wei, H., Fu, Y., Zhou, Y. H., Fang, Z. H., Qiu, X. T., Wang, M., Li Q. B., Li, S. S., & Wang, S. D., (2024). Effect and safety of herbal medicine foot baths in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 30(3), 195-202.
International Diabetes Federation. (2025). IDF Diabetes Atlas — data & factsheets. Diakses dari: https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025/
Kanchana, K., & Nirmala, T. (2022). A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Audio-Visual Education on Anxiety among patients undergoing Coronary Angiography at selected hospital, Coimbatore. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management. 10(4).
Kisner, C., Colby, L. A., & Borstad, J. (2017). Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. Fa Davis Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Diakses dari: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2515197
Konstantinou, K., Ghorbanpour, F., Picchini, U., Loavenbruck, A., & Särkkä, A. (2023). Statistical modeling of diabetic neuropathy: Exploring the dynamics of nerve mortality. Statistics in Medicine, 42(23), 4128-4146.
Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory: A gate control system modulates sensory input from the skin before it evokes pain perception and response. Science, 150(3699), 971-979.
Sharma, S., & Rayman, G. (2023). Frontiers in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy (DSPN). Frontiers in endocrinology, 14, 1165505.
Sreeranjini, S., Mini, G., Suvarnaletha, D., K., & Asha, K. S. (2024). Effect of Contrast Bath on Level of Neuropathic Pain Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 6(5), 1–9. Diakses dari: https://www.ijfmr.com/research-paper.php?id=28653
Susanti, I., Seraph, N. M., Edward, M. N., & Burhan, A. (2025). National trends in the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia (2010–2024): A pooled meta-analysis of 46 Studies with 2,808 Participants. Java Nursing Journal, 3(2), 124-146.
Tao, Y., Zhang, H. Y., MacGilchrist, C., Kirwan, E., & McIntosh, C. (2025). Prevalence and risk factors of painful diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 222, 112099.
Ulfah, N. H., Katmawanti, S., Sukma, A. M., Rahmawati, I. T., Wongsasuluk, P., Alma, L. R., & Ariwinanti, D. (2022). Personal characteristics, families, and community support associated with self-care behavior among Indonesian diabetic patients. Journal of public health in Africa, 13(Suppl 2), 2419.
Wangi, N. L. P. A. P., Agustini, N. L. P. I. B., Megayanti, S. D., Yusniawati, Y. N. P., & Artsanthia, J. (2025). Effectiveness of Orem’s Theory-Based Diabetic Foot SPA on Glycemic Control and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 DM. Jurnal Info Kesehatan, 23(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol23.iss1.1713
World Health Organization. (2020). Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in children. Diakses dari: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/337999/9785985975017-rus.pdf
Xiang, Y., Li, W., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Xu, X., Wang, L., & Bi, N. (2023). Remission of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after radiotherapy in a patient with comorbid small cell lung cancer. Chinese Medical Journal, 136(14), 1732-1734.
Yang, L., Arbona, R. J. R., Smith, C. S., Banks, K. M., Thomas, V. K., Palmer, L., Evans, T., & Hurtado, R. (2023). An evolutionarily conserved pacemaker role for HCN ion channels in smooth muscle. The Journal of physiology, 601(7), 1225-1246.
Zhu, J., Hu, Z., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Luo, W., Du, X., Luo, Z., Hu, J., & Peng, S. (2024). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment. Frontiers in endocrinology, 14, 1265372
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
