Paradigma baru penatalaksanaan antipsychotic-induced weight gain terhadap pencegahan dini dan intervensi farmakologis: A narrative review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i6.3432
Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain Early Prevention Metabolic Syndrome Obesity Pharmacological Intervention
Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is one of the most common metabolic adverse effects associated with antipsychotic therapy, particularly second-generation antipsychotics. This condition contributes to increased cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, decreased treatment adherence, and poorer long-term outcomes in patients with psychotic disorders. Recent developments have emphasized the importance of early prevention and pharmacological interventions to reduce metabolic complications associated with antipsychotic use.
Purpose: To analyze current evidence regarding early prevention strategies and pharmacological interventions for antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
Method: This study used a narrative review method to examine the scientific evidence regarding early prevention strategies and pharmacological interventions for antipsychotic-induced weight gain. The literature search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Frontiers. The search strategy used the keywords “antipsychotic-induced weight gain” AND “metformin” AND “GLP-1 receptor agonist” AND “metabolic syndrome” AND “pharmacological intervention,” either individually or in various combinations using Boolean operators (AND and OR). The publication timeframe was 2021–2026, and articles were included in both English and Indonesian. The search yielded 50 relevant and usable articles.
Results: The reviewed studies demonstrated that antipsychotic-induced weight gain is influenced by multiple factors, including antipsychotic type, dosage, duration of treatment, and patient-related metabolic susceptibility. Early prevention strategies such as metabolic monitoring, lifestyle intervention, and appropriate antipsychotic selection were shown to reduce metabolic burden. Pharmacological interventions, particularly metformin, demonstrated consistent efficacy in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters. GLP-1 receptor agonists, topiramate, and olanzapine-samidorphan combinations also showed promising outcomes.
Conclusion: Early prevention and pharmacological interventions play an important role in reducing antipsychotic-induced weight gain and long-term metabolic complications. Comprehensive and evidence-based approaches are needed to improve patient outcomes and optimize long-term antipsychotic therapy.
Keywords: Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain; Early Prevention; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Pharmacological Intervention.
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