Faktor multidimensional yang berperan dalam kekambuhan pada skizofrenia: A narrative review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i6.3386
Multidimensional Factors Relapse Schizophrenia
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by a fluctuating disease course and a high risk of relapse. Relapse is associated with increased hospitalization, impaired social functioning, and reduced quality of life. Schizophrenia relapse is influenced by multidimensional factors involving biological, psychological, social, and treatment-related aspects.
Purpose: To comprehensively examine the multidimensional factors associated with schizophrenia relapse and its prevention strategies.
Method: This study used a narrative review method by searching literature from pubmed, sciencedirect, and Google Scholar. The selected literature included original studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and international guidelines. Data were analyzed and narratively synthesized based on biological, psychological, social, treatment adherence, and relapse prevention factors.
Discussion: The review found that schizophrenia relapse is influenced by complex interactions among multiple factors. Biological factors include neurotransmitter dysregulation, genetic vulnerability, comorbidities, and previous relapse history. Psychological factors such as stress, poor insight, and maladaptive coping strategies also contribute to relapse risk. Social factors including high family expressed emotion, low social support, and social isolation were associated with increased relapse. Non-adherence to antipsychotic treatment remains one of the strongest predictors of relapse. The use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (lais), psychosocial interventions, and family and community support were shown to reduce relapse rates.
Conclusion: Schizophrenia relapse is a multifactorial condition requiring comprehensive and integrated prevention strategies. The combination of pharmacological treatment, psychosocial interventions, personalized care, and family and community involvement is essential to maintain long-term stability and improve patients’ quality of life.
Keywords: Multidimensional Factors; Relapse; Schizophrenia.
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