Hypertension in pregnant women: determinants of occurrence
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i4.3335
Age Body Mass Index (BMI) Hypertension Parity Pregnant Women
Abstract
Background: Hypertension in pregnant women is one of the complications of pregnancy that can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in mothers and fetuses. Various factors are thought to play a role in the occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy, including maternal age, parity, employment status, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Identifying these factors is important as a basis for efforts to prevent and control hypertension in pregnant women.
Purpose: To analyze factors related to the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women.
Method: An analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in the working area of independent midwifery practice Bandar Lampung City in 2025. The study sample consisted of 124 pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through direct recording and measurement, then analyzed univariately and bivariately. The statistical test used was the chi-square test.
Results: Most pregnant women were of non-risk age (71.0%), non-risk parity (62.1%), unemployed (67.7%), and had a normal BMI (79.0%). A total of 23.4% of pregnant women had hypertension. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between maternal age (p-value = 0.000; OR = 17.727), parity (p-value = 0.000; OR = 15.026), employment status (p-value = 0.000; OR = 10.500), and BMI (p-value = 0.000; OR = 17.795) with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women.
Conclusion: Maternal age, parity, employment status, and BMI significantly influence the occurrence of hypertension during pregnancy. However, because hypertension is multifactorial, blood pressure screening and monitoring remain necessary for all pregnant women.
Suggestion: Healthcare providers should strengthen early detection and routine blood pressure monitoring, particularly among pregnant women in high-risk groups. Pregnant women are also advised to maintain a healthy lifestyle and attend regular prenatal checkups.
Keywords: Age; Body Mass Index (BMI); Hypertension; Parity; Pregnant Women.
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