Riwayat menyusui, kepatuhan kunjungan posyandu, dan sanitasi lingkungan terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i2.3026
Kepatuhan Kunjungan Posyandu Riwayat Menyusui Sanitasi Lingkungan Stunting
Abstract
Background: Stunting remains a public health problem that impacts the quality of human resources. Factors influencing stunting are multidimensional, including breastfeeding history, compliance with integrated health post visits, and environmental sanitation. Coastal areas have distinct risk characteristics, requiring a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of stunting.
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between breastfeeding history, compliance with integrated health post visits, and environmental sanitation with stunting in toddlers.
Method: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 46 toddler respondents aged 12–59 months, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires, environmental sanitation observations, and documentation from Health Card books. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: There was a significant association between breastfeeding history (p=0.001), compliance with integrated health post visits (p=0.005), and environmental sanitation (p=0.001) with stunting. Toddlers with a history of suboptimal breastfeeding, non-compliance with integrated health post visits, and poor environmental sanitation are more likely to experience stunting in the very short category.
Conclusion: Breastfeeding history, compliance with integrated health post visits, and environmental sanitation are important determinants of stunting in toddlers. Stunting prevention requires a multidimensional approach through optimizing breastfeeding practices, increasing the utilization of integrated health post visits, and improving environmental sanitation in an integrated manner.
Suggestion: Further research can use a longitudinal or cohort design with a larger sample size and wider coverage area to obtain a stronger causal relationship between breastfeeding history, compliance with integrated service post visits, and environmental sanitation with the incidence of stunting.
Keywords: Breastfeeding History; Compliance with Integrated Health Post Visits; Environmental Sanitation; Stunting.
Pendahuluan: Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia. Faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian stunting bersifat multidimensional, termasuk riwayat menyusui, kepatuhan kunjungan posyandu, dan sanitasi lingkungan. Wilayah pesisir memiliki karakteristik risiko yang berbeda, sehingga diperlukan analisis determinan stunting secara komprehensif.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan riwayat menyusui, kepatuhan kunjungan posyandu, dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 46 responden yang memiliki balita usia 12–59 bulan, dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner, observasi sanitasi lingkungan, dan dokumentasi buku Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0.05.
Hasil: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara riwayat menyusui (p=0.001), kepatuhan kunjungan posyandu (p=0.005), dan sanitasi lingkungan (p=0.001) dengan kejadian stunting. Balita dengan riwayat menyusui tidak optimal, tidak patuh kunjungan posyandu, serta sanitasi lingkungan tidak baik memiliki kecenderungan mengalami stunting kategori sangat pendek.
Simpulan: Riwayat menyusui, kepatuhan kunjungan posyandu, dan sanitasi lingkungan merupakan determinan penting kejadian stunting pada balita. Pencegahan stunting memerlukan pendekatan multidimensional melalui optimalisasi praktik menyusui, peningkatan pemanfaatan posyandu, dan perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan secara terintegrasi.
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menggunakan desain longitudinal atau kohort dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan cakupan wilayah yang lebih luas untuk memperoleh hubungan kausal yang lebih kuat antara riwayat menyusui, kepatuhan kunjungan posyandu, dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan kejadian stunting.
Kata Kunci: Kepatuhan Kunjungan Posyandu; Riwayat Menyusui; Sanitasi Lingkungan; Stunting.
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