Efektivitas latihan fisik untuk dismenorea primer: A systematic literature review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i4.2995
Adolescents Physical Exercise Primary Dysmenorrhea
Abstract
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common condition among adolescent and young adult women that can significantly affect quality of life and daily activities. Physical exercise has been widely proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention; however, the effectiveness of different exercise modalities remains inconsistent across studies.
Purpose: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various physical exercise interventions in reducing symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.
Method: This study was conducted as a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across the Scopus and Google Scholar databases using keyword combinations related to dysmenorrhea and exercise. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. The interventions analyzed included aerobic exercise, core stability exercise, yoga, myofascial release, pelvic rocking exercise, and progressive relaxation exercise. Data were extracted and analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach.
Results: All included studies demonstrated that physical exercise significantly reduced primary dysmenorrhea symptoms, particularly pain intensity. Aerobic exercise showed the most consistent effectiveness across studies and was associated with improvements in functional capacity and quality of life. Other interventions, such as core stability exercise, yoga, and myofascial techniques, also showed beneficial effects, although findings varied depending on the intervention type and study design.
Conclusion: Physical exercise is an effective non-pharmacological approach for managing primary dysmenorrhea. Aerobic exercise appears to be the most consistently effective modality, while other exercise types may provide complementary benefits based on individual needs. Further research is needed to determine optimal exercise protocols for clinical application.
Keywords: Adolescents; Physical Exercise; Primary Dysmenorrhea.
Downloads
References
Çelik, A. S., & Apay, S. E. (2021). Effect of progressive relaxation exercises on primary dysmenorrhea in Turkish students: A randomized prospective controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 42, 101280.
Çinar, G. N., Mümüşoğlu, S., Akbayrak, T., Gürşen, C., & Özgül, S. (2025). A comparison of the effects of aerobic exercise and yoga training in primary dysmenorrhea: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 114853.
Elbandrawy, A. M., & Elhakk, S. M. (2021). Comparison between the effects of aerobic and isometric exercises on primary dysmenorrhea. Acta Gymnica, 51(51), 10-5507.
Gordon, R., & Bloxham, S. (2016). A systematic review of the effects of exercise and physical activity on non-specific chronic low back pain. In Healthcare (Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 22). MDPI.
Itani, R., Soubra, L., Karout, S., Rahme, D., Karout, L., & Khojah, H. M. (2022). Primary dysmenorrhea: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment updates. Korean journal of family medicine, 43(2), 101.
Khalid, R., Batool, S. F., Fatima, H., Sajjad, T., Khalid, F., Siddiqui, S., & Abbas, W. (2024). Comparison of aerobic exercises and abdominal fascia releasing technique in primary dysmennorhea. International Journal of Natural Medicine and Health Sciences, 3(2), 34-39.
Khan, N. N., Riaz, S., Khan, R. R., Mannan, H., Ghafoor, S., & Khalid, H. (2021). Effects of Aerobics Versus Core Stability Exercises for the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea. Age (Years), 25(2.64), 21-38.
Khan, S., Ihsan, S., Sehgal, S., Hashmi, A., Muneeb, H. N., Akash, N. K. A., & Hamid, M. F. (2022). Effects Of Myofascial Release Versus Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: Myofascial Release versus Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises in Primary Dysmenorrhea. Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 220-225.
Kirsch, E., Rahman, S., Kerolus, K., Hasan, R., Kowalska, D. B., Desai, A., & Bergese, S. D. (2024). Dysmenorrhea, a narrative review of therapeutic options. Journal of Pain Research, 2657-2666.
López-Liria, R., Torres-Álamo, L., Vega-Ramírez, F. A., García-Luengo, A. V., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Trigueros-Ramos, R., & Rocamora-Pérez, P. (2021). Efficacy of physiotherapy treatment in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(15), 7832.
MacGregor, B., Allaire, C., Bedaiwy, M. A., Yong, P. J., & Bougie, O. (2023). Disease burden of dysmenorrhea: impact on life course potential. International journal of women's health, 499-509.
Mehta, F., Suresh, A., & Sasidharan, S. (2023). A literature review on the effect of aerobic exercise in primary dysmenorrhea. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 12(7), 585-588. https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR23601154750
Owen, P. J., Miller, C. T., Mundell, N. L., Verswijveren, S. J., Tagliaferri, S. D., Brisby, H., & Belavy, D. L. (2020). Which specific modes of exercise training are most effective for treating low back pain? Network meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, 54(21), 1279-1287.
Patel, C., Patel, S., Prajapati, S., & Ladumor, S. (2020). Effect of chair aerobic exercises vs. effect of core strengthening exercises with education on primary dysmenorrheal in adult girls-RCT. Ann Rehabil Res Pract, 1(1), 1001.
Rigal, P., Bonnet, S., Vieira, Á., Carvalhais, A., & Lopes, S. (2024). Therapeutic Physical Exercise for Dysmenorrhea: A Scoping Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(1), 10.
Saad Soliman, A., Abd-Elsalam Ramadan, S., & Abozied Ramadan, E. (2026). Effect of Pelvic Rocking Exercise on Quality of life among Female Nursing Students with Dysmenorrhea. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University, 7(1), 339-359.
Sandhiya, M., Senthil Selvam, P., Manoj Abraham, M., Palekar, T. J., Sundaram, M. S., Kumari, P., & Christina, J. (2020). A study to compare the effects of aerobic exercise versus core strengthening exercise among college girls with primary dysmenorrhea. Int J Res Pharm Sci, 11, 2692-2697.
Shahrjerdi, S., Mahmoudi, F., Sheikhhoseini, R., & Shahrjerdi, S. (2019). Effect of core stability exercises on primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 13(2), 113-122.
Smrcina, Z., Woelfel, S., & Burcal, C. (2022). A systematic review of the effectiveness of core stability exercises in patients with non-specific low back pain. International journal of sports physical therapy, 17(5), 766.
Yosri, M. M., Hamada, H. A., Abd El-Rahman Mohamed, M., & Yousef, A. M. (2022). Effect of different squatting exercises on menstrual aspects, pelvic mechanics and uterine circulation in primary dysmenorrhoea: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42(8), 3658-3665.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
