Pengaruh latihan plyometrik terhadap performa keseimbangan pada atlet muda: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Background: In young athletes, balance performance can be considered a fundamental factor in athletic performance due to the demands of maintaining stability, posture, and movement efficiency during sporting activities. Therefore, studying the effect of plyometric training on balance ability in young athletes is crucial.

Purpose: To systematically review the effect of plyometric training on balance performance in young athletes.

Method: A systematic literature review was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus, with Google Scholar used for additional citation searches. Eligibility criteria were established using the PICOS approach to define the following: (i) young athletes participating in sport training or competition, with participants aged 10–25 years; (ii) studies using plyometric training as a primary stand-alone intervention; (iii) comparison groups including no intervention, routine training, regular sport training, a control condition, or a pre-post design with no comparison group; (iv) outcomes assessing balance performance, including dynamic balance, static balance, postural control, proprioception, or postural stability parameters; and (v) randomized and non-randomized intervention studies. Methodological quality was evaluated using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I according to the study design.

Results: This study involved 202 athletes from various sports, including badminton, basketball, soccer, and volleyball. The intervention duration ranged from four to twelve weeks, and the training frequency was two to three sessions per week. Results consistently showed that plyometric training positively impacted balance performance, particularly dynamic balance. Several studies also reported similar improvements in static balance and proprioception.

Conclusion: Plyometric training is an effective strategy for improving balance performance in young athletes, particularly dynamic balance. However, further research with more standardized protocols and broader intervention models is needed to confirm the consistency of these findings.

Keywords: Balance Performance; Plyometric Training; Young Athletes.