Perbandingan efektivitas sabun antiseptik dan alcohol-based hand rub dalam pencegahan infeksi nosokomial di ICU: A systematic review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2963
Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Infeksi Nosokomial Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Sabun Antiseptik
Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infections, or healthcare-associated infections, remain a major problem in intensive care units (ICUs) due to the critical condition of patients and the frequent use of invasive medical devices. Hand hygiene is an important strategy to prevent the transmission of microorganisms among healthcare workers. Antiseptic soap and alcohol-based hand rub are commonly used methods, but their effectiveness in the ICU setting has shown varying results.
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of antiseptic soap and alcohol-based hand rub in preventing nosocomial infections in the ICU.
Method: This study used a systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar using keywords based on the PICO framework. Of the 17,477 articles found, 25 were assessed for full-text eligibility, and 7 studies met the inclusion criteria.
Results: Antiseptic soap, particularly chlorhexidine-based hand rub, effectively reduced the number of microorganisms on the hands of healthcare workers and contributed to a decrease in infection rates. Alcohol-based hand rub is also effective in reducing bacterial contamination and offers the advantages of practicality, shorter application time, and ease of use.
Conclusion: Antiseptic soap and alcohol-based hand rub are both effective in reducing microbial contamination. Antiseptic soap tends to provide stronger microbial reduction, while alcohol-based hand rub can improve hand hygiene compliance. Their complementary use can support the prevention of nosocomial infections in the ICU.
Suggestion: Healthcare facilities should provide adequate antiseptic soap and alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) and ensure they are easily accessible to healthcare workers. Education, training, compliance audits, and regular feedback are needed to improve hand hygiene practices. Future research should use more robust designs and more standardized measurement methods.
Keywords: Alcohol-Based Hand Rub; Antiseptic Soap; Intensive Care Unit (ICU); Nosocomial Infection.
Pendahuluan: Infeksi nosokomial atau healthcare-associated infections masih menjadi masalah utama di intensive care unit (ICU) karena kondisi pasien yang kritis dan seringnya penggunaan alat medis invasif. Kebersihan tangan merupakan strategi penting untuk mencegah transmisi mikroorganisme pada tenaga kesehatan. Sabun antiseptik dan alcohol-based hand rub merupakan metode yang umum digunakan, namun efektivitas keduanya di ruang ICU masih menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi.
Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan efektivitas sabun antiseptik dan alcohol-based hand rub dalam mencegah infeksi nosokomial di ICU.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, Wiley Online Library, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci berdasarkan kerangka PICO. Dari 17,477 artikel yang ditemukan, 25 artikel dinilai kelayakan full-text, dan 7 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi.
Hasil: Sabun antiseptik, khususnya berbasis klorheksidin efektif menurunkan jumlah mikroorganisme pada tangan tenaga kesehatan dan berkontribusi terhadap penurunan angka infeksi. Alcohol-based hand rub juga efektif menurunkan kontaminasi bakteri serta memiliki keunggulan dalam kepraktisan, waktu penggunaan yang lebih singkat, dan kemudahan penggunaan.
Simpulan: Sabun antiseptik dan alcohol-based hand rub sama-sama efektif dalam mengurangi kontaminasi mikroba. Sabun antiseptik cenderung memberikan penurunan mikroba yang lebih kuat, sedangkan alcohol-based hand rub dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan kebersihan tangan. Penggunaan keduanya secara saling melengkapi dapat mendukung pencegahan infeksi nosokomial di ICU.
Saran: Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan perlu menyediakan sabun antiseptik dan alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) secara memadai serta mudah diakses oleh tenaga kesehatan. Edukasi, pelatihan, audit kepatuhan, dan umpan balik berkala perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan praktik kebersihan tangan. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu menggunakan desain yang lebih kuat dan metode pengukuran yang lebih terstandar.
Kata Kunci: Alcohol-Based Hand Rub; Infeksi Nosokomial; Intensive Care Unit (ICU); Sabun Antiseptik.
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