Pengaruh terapi komplementer yoga terhadap penurunan nyeri premenstrual syndrome pada remaja putri usia 16-18 tahun
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2909
Nyeri Menstruasi Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Remaja Putri Terapi Yoga
Abstract
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition commonly experienced by adolescent girls, characterized by various physical, psychological, and emotional complaints arising from hormonal changes, which can disrupt daily activities. One alternative treatment for PMS is through complementary therapy in the form of yoga.
Purpose: To analyze the effect of yoga therapy on reducing PMS pain intensity in adolescent girls aged 16–18 years.
Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design using a pretest–posttest model, conducted at Samarinda Health Vocational School. The study subjects were 30 adolescent girls aged 16–18 years with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study were a pain measurement scale in the form of a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to assess PMS pain intensity. The intervention provided was complementary yoga therapy, which included body movements (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), and relaxation. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using paired t-tests.
Results: There was a decrease in PMS pain intensity with an average difference of 5 points and a significance value of p = 0.0001 (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that yoga therapy has a significant effect on reducing PMS pain. The relaxation effect of yoga can reduce sympathetic nerve activity and increase parasympathetic nerve activity, thereby reducing PMS symptoms.
Conclusion: Yoga therapy has been proven effective as a non-pharmacological intervention in reducing PMS pain intensity in adolescent girls.
Suggestion: Yoga is recommended as a safe, effective, affordable, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological intervention for school-aged adolescent girls. Integrating yoga into reproductive health programs in schools and communities can be a complementary strategy to reduce PMS morbidity, improve quality of life, and support adolescent reproductive health outcomes.
Keywords: Adolescent Girls; Menstrual Pain; Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS); Yoga Therapy.
Pendahuluan: Sindrom pramenstruasi (PMS) merupakan kondisi yang banyak dialami oleh remaja perempuan, ditandai dengan berbagai keluhan fisik, psikologis, dan emosional yang muncul akibat perubahan hormonal, sehingga dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari. Salah satu alternatif penanganan PMS adalah melalui terapi komplementer berupa yoga.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh terapi yoga terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri PMS pada remaja putri berusia 16–18 tahun.
Metode: Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan pra-eksperimental menggunakan model pretest–posttest, yang dilaksanakan di SMK Kesehatan Samarinda. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 30 remaja putri berusia 16–18 tahun yang mengalami Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala pengukuran nyeri berupa Visual Analog Scale (VAS) atau Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) untuk menilai intensitas nyeri PMS Intervensi yang diberikan berupa terapi komplementer yoga yang meliputi gerakan tubuh (asana), teknik pernapasan (pranayama), dan relaksasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji t berpasangan.
Hasil: Adanya penurunan intensitas nyeri PMS dengan rata-rata selisih sebesar 5 poin dan nilai signifikansi p = 0.0001 (p < 0.05). Temuan ini menunjukkan, bahwa terapi yoga berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan nyeri PMS. Efek relaksasi yang dihasilkan oleh yoga mampu menurunkan aktivitas saraf simpatis serta meningkatkan aktivitas saraf parasimpatis, sehingga keluhan PMS dapat berkurang.
Simpulan: Terapi yoga terbukti efektif sebagai intervensi nonfarmakologis dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri PMS pada remaja putri.
Saran: Yoga direkomendasikan sebagai intervensi nonfarmakologis yang aman, efektif, terjangkau, dan mudah diimplementasikan pada remaja putri usia sekolah. Integrasi yoga dalam program kesehatan reproduksi di sekolah maupun komunitas dapat menjadi strategi komplementer untuk menurunkan morbiditas akibat PMS, meningkatkan kualitas hidup, serta mendukung pencapaian kesehatan reproduksi remaja.
Kata Kunci: Nyeri Menstruasi; Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS); Remaja Putri; Terapi Yoga.
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