Pengaruh brisk walking exercise terhadap fungsi kognitif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i3.2897
Brisk Walking Exercise Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Fungsi Kognitif
Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus not only causes metabolic disorders but is also associated with decreased cognitive function, which can impair patients' quality of life. Aerobic physical activity, such as brisk walking, has the potential to improve glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow, making it a simple intervention to improve cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, evidence regarding its effectiveness on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care settings is still limited.
Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of brisk walking exercise on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: This quasi-experimental study, with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design, was conducted at the Kujangsari Community Health Center in Bandung City, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for approximately 3 months (October-December 2025). The sample was selected using purposive sampling and divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group participated in an 8-week brisk walking exercise program, while the control group received no intervention. Cognitive function was assessed using the Indonesian version of the MoCA-INA before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: There was an increase in MoCA-INA cognitive function scores from 22.20 to 25.40 (a 3.20-point increase; p < 0.001) in the intervention group participating in brisk walking. In contrast, the control group showed no significant change in cognitive function (p = 0.072), with scores increasing from 20.90 to 20.10.
Conclusion: Brisk walking is effective in improving cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This intervention can be an alternative, simple physical activity that helps improve cognitive health while supporting glycemic control in diabetes patients.
Suggestion: Future research is recommended to develop a research design with a longer intervention duration and a larger sample size to provide a more comprehensive picture of the long-term effects of brisk walking exercise on cognitive function and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Brisk Walking Exercise; Cognitive Function; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Pendahuluan: Meningkatnya prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 tidak hanya menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme, tetapi juga dikaitkan dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif yang dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup pasien. Aktivitas fisik aerobik seperti brisk walking berpotensi untuk meningkatkan metabolisme glukosa dan aliran darah serebral, menjadikannya intervensi sederhana untuk meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Namun, bukti mengenai efektivitasnya terhadap fungsi kognitif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di lingkungan perawatan primer masih terbatas.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis efektivitas brisk walking exercise terhadap fungsi kognitif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Metode: Penelitian quasi-experimental dengan pre-test post-test control groups design, dilakukan di UPTD Puskesmas Kujangsari Kota Bandung terhadap pasien dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 selama kurang lebih 3 bulan (Oktober-Desember 2025). Sampel dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dan dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok intervensi mengikuti program brisk walking exercise selama 8 minggu, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak menerima intervensi. Fungsi kognitif dinilai menggunakan Motreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia (Moca-INA) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji paired-t test, dan uji independen-t test dengan tingkat signifikansi 0.05.
Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan skor fungsi kognitif MoCA-INA dari 22.20 menjadi 25.40 (peningkatan 3.20 poin; p < 0.001) pada kelompok intervensi yang melakukan brisk walking exercise. Sebaliknya, kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan pada fungsi kognitif (p = 0.072) dengan skor dari 20.90 menjadi 20.10.
Simpulan: Brisk walking exercise efektif meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Intervensi ini dapat menjadi alternatif aktivitas fisik sederhana yang membantu meningkatkan kesehatan kognitif sekaligus mendukung kontrol glikemik pada pasien diabetes.
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengembangkan desain penelitian dengan durasi intervensi yang lebih panjang serta jumlah sampel yang lebih besar agar dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih komprehensif mengenai efek jangka panjang brisk walking exercise terhadap fungsi kognitif dan kontrol glikemik pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Kata Kunci: Brisk Walking Exercise; Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2; Fungsi Kognitif.
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