Perbandingan efektivitas kapsul sambiloto dan mengkudu terhadap gula darah lansia dengan DM tipe 2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i3.2797
Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Gula Darah Lansia Mengkudu Sambiloto
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence among the elderly, including in West Java, particularly in Karawang Regency, and carries a significant risk of serious complications. In addition to pharmacological therapy, Andrographis paniculata and Morinda citrifolia have potential as complementary therapies for blood glucose control, but clinical evidence in elderly patients with type 2 DM remains limited.
Purpose: To determine the difference in effectiveness between Andrographis paniculata capsules and Morinda citrifolia capsules in reducing fasting blood glucose levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: This study used a true experimental design with a randomized controlled group pretest–posttest design. A total of 40 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two groups (n = 20 each). The first group received Andrographis paniculata extract capsules, while the second group received Morinda citrifolia extract capsules for 4 weeks at a dose of 2 × 1 capsule per day (500 mg per capsule). Fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention using GlucoDr. auto A (AGM-4000). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Mann–Whitney U Test.
Results: In the Andrographis paniculata group, the mean fasting blood glucose level decreased from 150.65 to 131.50, while in the Morinda citrifolia group it decreased from 143.55 to 131.45. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a significant reduction in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the Mann–Whitney U Test found no significant difference in the reduction of fasting blood glucose levels between the two interventions (p = 0.061).
Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata capsules and Morinda citrifolia capsules significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, no significant difference in the reduction of fasting blood glucose levels was found between the two interventions.
Keywords: Andrographis Paniculata; Blood Glucose; Elderly; Morinda Citrifolia; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis dengan prevalensi tinggi pada lansia, termasuk di Jawa Barat, terutama Kabupaten Karawang, yang berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi serius. Selain terapi farmakologis, sambiloto dan mengkudu berpotensi sebagai terapi komplementer untuk mengendalikan kadar gula darah, namun bukti klinis pada lansia dengan DM tipe 2 masih terbatas.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas kapsul sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) dan kapsul mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah puasa pada lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain true experimental dengan rancangan randomized controlled group pretest–posttest. Sebanyak 40 lansia dengan DM tipe 2 dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dan dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok (masing-masing n = 20). Kelompok pertama menerima kapsul ekstrak sambiloto dan kelompok kedua kapsul ekstrak mengkudu selama 4 minggu dengan dosis 2 × 1 kapsul per hari (500 mg/kapsul). Kadar gula darah puasa diukur sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan GlucoDr. auto A (AGM-4000). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Shapiro–Wilk, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, dan Mann–Whitney U Test.
Hasil: Pada kelompok sambiloto, rata-rata kadar gula darah puasa menurun dari 150.65 menjadi 131.50, sedangkan pada kelompok mengkudu dari 143.55 menjadi 131.45. Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan pada kedua kelompok (p < 0.001), namun uji Mann–Whitney tidak menemukan perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah puasa yang signifikan antara kedua intervensi (p = 0.061).
Simpulan: Pemberian kapsul sambiloto dan kapsul mengkudu menurunkan kadar gula darah puasa secara signifikan pada lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah yang signifikan antara kedua intervensi.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2; Gula Darah; Lansia; Mengkudu; Sambiloto.
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