Efektivitas early warning assessment terhadap risiko bullying dan masalah psikososial pada remaja
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i1.2772
Bullying Early Warning Assessment Remaja
Abstract
Background: Bullying is a common phenomenon in schools and has long-lasting impacts on victims. Common forms of bullying include intimidating remarks, disruptive behavior, and harassment and obstruction of others. The most common victims are adolescents aged 10-19. The 2020 UNICEF Bullying Prevalence Report indicates that in 2018, 41% of 15-year-olds experienced bullying twice a month, with two-thirds of those affected, particularly adolescents aged 13-17. A Psychological Emergency Management (PEM) approach is crucial for providing a rapid, appropriate, and systematic response to cases of psychosocial distress. One of the initial steps in PEM is the implementation of an Early Warning Assessment (EWA)-based screening system, an early identification method for identifying risk factors for psychosocial distress, including the risk of bullying.
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of implementing early warning assessments in reducing risk factors for bullying and psychosocial problems in adolescents.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test design approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of Early Warning Assessment (EWA) in reducing bullying risk factors and psychosocial problems in adolescents. The study was conducted at Bhakti Bangsa Vocational High School, Bekasi, in October 2025. The independent variable was the implementation of EWA, while the dependent variables included bullying risk factors and psychosocial problems. The research instruments consisted of a participant characteristics questionnaire, an EWA instrument for screening bullying risks, and a psychosocial problems questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha value > 0.70).
Results: Paired t-test analysis indicated the intervention was effective in reducing risk factors and psychosocial problems, as evidenced by p values < 0.05 for both variables.
Conclusion: Early warning assessment is effective in reducing bullying risk factors and psychosocial problems in adolescents.
Keywords: Adolescents; Bullying; Early Warning Assessment.
Pendahuluan: Bullying merupakan salah satu fenomena yang sering terjadi di sekolah dan berdampak di jangka panjang bagi korban. Bentuk bullying yang sering terjadi yaitu berupa pembicaraan yang memberikan gertakan, perilaku yang menganggu, mengusik, dan menghalangi orang lain. Korban paling sering terjadi pada usia remaja yaitu antara 10-19 Tahun. Prevalensi bullying yang ditemukan oleh UNICEF tahun 2020, menyebutkan bahwa pada tahun 2018 sebesar 41% anak dengan usia 15 tahun mulai mengalami tindakan bullying sebanyak dua kali dalam sebulan, 2/3 khususnya remaja dengan usia 13-17 tahun yang menjadi korban dari bullying. Pendekatan manajemen kegawatdaruratan psikologis (MKP) menjadi penting untuk memberikan respon cepat, tepat, dan sistematis terhadap kasus-kasus gangguan psikososial. Salah satu langkah awal dalam MKP adalah penerapan sistem skrining berbasis Early Warning Assessment (EWA), yaitu suatu metode identifikasi dini untuk mengenali faktor risiko gangguan psikososial, termasuk risiko bullying.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektifitas penerapan early warning assessment untuk menurunkan faktor resiko bullying pada remaja dan masalah psikososial.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pre-test and post-test design untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan Early Warning Assessment (EWA) dalam menurunkan faktor risiko bullying dan masalah psikososial pada remaja. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMK Bhakti Bangsa Bekasi pada bulan Oktober 2025. Variabel independen adalah penerapan EWA, sedangkan variabel dependen meliputi faktor risiko bullying dan masalah psikososial. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari kuesioner karakteristik partisipan, instrumen EWA untuk skrining risiko bullying, serta kuesioner masalah psikososial yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya (nilai Cronbach’s alpha > 0.70).
Hasil: Analisis paired t-test menunjukkan intervensi yang dilakukan efektif dalam menurunkan faktor risiko dan masalah psikososial, yang dibuktikan dengan nilai p < 0.05 pada kedua variabel.
Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh early warning assessment untuk menurunkan faktor resiko bullying pada remaja dan masalah psikososial.
Kata Kunci: Bullying; Early Warning Assessment; Remaja.
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