Efektivitas terapi komplementer alami untuk uremic pruritus: A systematic review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i3.2747
Gagal Ginjal Kronis Hemodialisis Pruritus Uremik Terapi Komplementer
Abstract
Background: Uremic pruritus is an inflammatory skin condition that is a common problem among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those undergoing hemodialysis
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of natural topical complementary therapies in reducing uremic pruritus.
Method: This literature review utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The article search was designed using the PICOS framework: P (problem, patient, or population), I (intervention, prognostic factor, or exposure), C (comparison or control), O (outcome), and S (study). The literature search was conducted using ClinicalKey, ClinicalKey for Nursing, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley, resulting in the extraction of 8 relevant and usable articles.
Results: A total of 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. Nine types of natural ingredients were identified: violet oil, cannabis, Ziziphus jujube, Anethum graveolens (dill), sesame oil, Avena sativa, ostrich oil, and almond oil. These interventions were administered with and without manipulation. The studies showed a significant reduction in pruritus intensity (p < 0.05), with the most common administration method being topical application twice daily for 2–4 weeks. Additional benefits such as improvement in dry skin, sleep quality, and quality of life were also reported. No significant side effects were found.
Conclusion: Natural topical complementary therapies are effective, safe, and well-tolerated in alleviating uremic pruritus in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those undergoing hemodialysis. Plant-based extracts are preferred due to their ease of extraction and patient acceptance. These therapies can serve as an adjunct modality in nursing practice and the management of CKD symptoms.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Complementary Therapy; Hemodialysis; Uremic Pruritus.
Pendahuluan: Uremic pruritus merupakan kondisi inflamasi kulit yang sering menjadi masalah pada pasien dengan chronic kidney disease (CKD) terutama yang menjalani hemodialisis
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi komplementer topikal alami dalam menurunkan uremic pruritus.
Metode: Penelitian literature review menggunakan metode Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Desain pencarian artikel dengan merumuskan PICOS yaitu P (problem, patient, or population), I (intervention, prognostic factor, or exposure), C (comparison or control), O (outcome) dan S (study). Pencarian literatur yang digunakan berasal dari clinicalkey, clinicalkey for nursing, Proquest, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Ebscohost, Taylor & francis dan Wiley kemudian diekstraksi mendapatkan 8 artikel yang relevan dan dapat digunakan.
Hasil: Sebanyak 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Terdapat 9 jenis bahan alami yang diidentifikasi: violet oil, cannabis, Ziziphus jujube, Anethum graveolens (dill), sesame oil, Avena sativa, ostrich oil, dan almond oil. Intervensi ini dilakukan dengan dan tanpa manipulasi. Studi menunjukkan penurunan intensitas pruritus yang signifikan (p<0.05) dengan metode pemberian terbanyak berupa aplikasi topikal 2 kali sehari selama 2-4 minggu. Efek tambahan lainnya seperti perbaikan kulit kering, kualitas tidur, dan kualitas hidup juga dilaporkan. Tidak ada efek samping signifikan yang ditemukan.
Simpulan: Terapi komplementer topikal alami efektif, aman, dan dapat diterima dalam menurunkan uremic pruritus pada pasien CKD dan yang menjalani hemodialisis. Ekstrak berbasis tumbuhan lebih direkomendasikan karena kemudahan ekstraksi dan penerimaan pasien. Terapi ini dapat dijadikan modalitas tambahan dalam praktik keperawatan dan manajemen gejala CKD.
Kata Kunci: Gagal Ginjal Kronis; Hemodialisis; Pruritus Uremik; Terapi Komplementer.
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